Chattha Sangayana CD - Vipassana Research Institute

KEY TO P¾LI PRIMER

Lily de Silva, M.A., Ph.D.

University of Peradeniya

Sri Lanka

VIPASSANA RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Dhamma Giri, Igatpuri-422 403

Dist. Nashik, Maharashtra, India

ISBN  81-7414-198-7

First Edition: November 1998

Price:

Published by:

Vipassana Research Institute

Dhamma Giri, Igatpuri-422 403

Maharashtra, India

Tel: 91-2553-84076, 84086

Fax: 91-2553-84176

Website: <vri.dhamma.org>

Printed by:

Apollo Printers

313, Jogani Estate, J. R. Boricha Marg,

Opp. Kasturba Hospital, Lower Parel,

Mumbai-400 011

PREFACE

The P±li Primer by Lily de Silva published by Vipassana Research Institute is an introduction to P±li grammar for beginners. It is based on the principle of teaching grammar through composition using a gradually expanding vocabulary. Exercises requiring translation from and into P±li form an integral part of each lesson.

Many students who found this book very useful have requested that the answers to the exercises in the P±li Primer be made available. Prof. Lily de Silva graciously consented to compile the answers. The book also contains a list of errors occurring in the P±li Primer with corrections.

It is hoped that this book will be of help to those interested in learning P±li, the mother tongue of the Buddha.

Vipassana Research Institute

CONTENTS

Exercise 1 	1

Exercise 2 	2

Exercise 3 	4

Exercise 4 	5

Exercise 5 	7

Exercise 6 	9

Exercise 7 	11

Exercise 8 	13

Exercise 9 	15

Exercise 10 	18

Exercise 11 	20

Exercise 12 	23

Exercise 13 	25

Exercise 14 	28

Exercise 15 	30

Exercise 16 	32

Exercise 17 	34

Exercise 18 	36

Exercise 19 	37

Exercise 20 	40

Exercise 21 	42

Exercise 22 	45

Exercise 23 	47

Exercise 24 	48

Exercise 25 	50

Exercise 26 	53

Exercise 27 	55

Exercise 28 	56

Exercise 29 	58

Exercise 30 	60

Exercise 31 	62

Exercise 32 	64

Errata in P±li Primer	67

Vipassana Meditation Centres	68

Namo tassa bhagavato arahato samm±sambuddhassa.

Homage to the Blessed One, the Worthy One, the Fully Enlightened One.

EXERCISE 1

Translation into English

1?	The king eats.

2?	The king eats.

3?	Sons sleep.

4?	Merchants sleep.

5?	The Buddha sees.

6?	The boy runs.

7?	The uncle ploughs.

8?	Brahmins speak.

9?	Friends go.

10?	Farmers cook.

11?	Man cuts.

12?	Men run.

13?	The friend eats.

14?	The Buddha speaks.

15?	The man cooks.

16?	Friends plough.

17?	Buddha comes.

Translation into P±li

1?	Putt± dh±vanti.

2?	M±tulo passati.

3?	Buddho ±gacchati.

4?	Kum±r± bhuñjanti.

5?	V±ºij± gacchanti.

6?	Manusso/puriso/naro sayati.

7?	Bh³p±l± gacchanti.

8?	Br±hmaºo chindati.

9?	Mitt± bh±santi.

10?	Kassako kasati.

11?	V±ºijo ±gacchati.

12?	Putt± chindanti.

13?	M±tul± bh±santi.

14?	Kum±ro dh±vati.

15?	Mitto bh±sati.

16?	Buddho passati.

EXERCISE 2

Translation into English

1?	Buddha speaks the truth.

2?	Brahmins enjoy (a meal of) rice.

3?	The man sees the sun.

4?	Boys hit jackals.

5?	Beggars ask for/beg rice.

6?	Farmers dig pits.

7?	The friend comes to the village.

8?	The king protects the people.

9?	Sons go to the mountain.

10?	The boy worships the Buddha.

11?	Merchants bring bowls.

12?	The man goes to the monastery.

13?	Dogs run to the mountain.

14?	Jackals come to the village.

15?	Brahmins bring friends.

16?	Kings worship the Buddha.

17?	Beggars sleep.

18?	Friends take away dogs.

19?	The son sees the moon.

20?	The farmer runs to the village.

21?	Merchants cut trees.

22?	The man shoots the jackal.

23?	The boy eats rice.

24?	The beggar hits the dog.

25?	Friends climb mountains.

Translation into P±li

1?	Manuss±/puris±/nar± vih±ra½ gacchanti.

2?	Kassak± pabbate ±ruhanti.

3?	Br±hmaºo bhatta½/odana½ bhuñjati.

4?	Buddho kum±re passati.

5?	M±tul± patte ±haranti.

6?	Putto sunakha½/soºa½/kukkura½ rakkhati.

7?	Bh³p±lo Buddha½/Tath±gata½/Sugata½ vandati.

8?	V±ºijo kum±ra½ ±harati.

9?	Mitt±/sah±y±/sah±yak± br±hmaºa½ vandanti.

10?	Y±cak± bhatta½ y±canti.

11?	V±ºij± sig±le vijjhanti.

12?	Kum±r± pabbata½ ±ruhanti.

13?	Kassako g±ma½ dh±vati.

14?	V±ºijo bhatta½ pacati.

15?	Putt± m±tula½ vandanti.

16?	Bh³p±l± manusse rakkhanti.

17?	Buddho vih±ra½ ±gacchati.

18?	Puris± oruhanti.

19?	Kassak± ±v±µe khaºanti.

20?	V±ºijo dh±vati.

21?	Sunakho/soºo/kukkuro canda½ passati.

22?	Kum±r± rukkhe ±ruhanti.

23?	Br±hmaºo patta½ ±harati.

24?	Y±cako sayati.

25?	Bh³p±lo Buddha½ passati.

EXERCISE 3

Translation into English

1?	The Buddha goes to the monastery with his disciples.

2?	The man runs to the island with his son.

3?	The farmer shoots the jackal with  an arrow.

4?	Brahmins climb the mountain with the uncle.

5?	Sons kick/hit dogs with their feet.

6?	Together with his sons the uncle comes to the village by a vehicle.

7?	Boys bring bowls with their hands.

8?	The robber takes away the horse along the road.

9?	The farmer gets down to the pit.

10?	Kings see monks accompanied by wise men.

11?	The wise man worships the Buddha with the king.

12?	Sons enjoy (a meal of) rice with a friend.

13?	The merchant hits a deer with a stone.

14?	Dogs dig pits with their feet.

15?	Together with his son the Brahmin worships the sun.

16?	The farmer protects trees with the dogs.

17?	The Buddha comes to the monastery with his disciples.

18?	The beggar brings rice in his bowl.

19?	Wise men  go to heaven.

20?	Boys run to the village with their horses.

21?	The thief hits the man  with a sword.

22?	The merchant brings lamps by cart.

23?	Horses run along the road.

24?	Jackals run to the mountain with deer.

25?	The king protects the people with a wise man.

Translation into P±li

1?	Samaºo mittena saha Buddha½ passati.

2?	S±vak± Tath±gatena saha vih±ra½ gacchanti.

3?	Asso soºehi saddhi½ pabbata½ dh±vati.

4?	Kum±ro p±s±ºena d²pa½ paharati.

1?	V±ºij± sarehi mige vijjhanti.

6?	Kassak± hatthehi ±v±µe khaºanti.

7?	Kum±r± m±tulena saddhi½ rathena vih±ra½ gacchanti.

8?	Br±hmaºo mittena/sah±yakena saha odana½ pacati.

9?	Bh³p±lo paº¹itehi saha d²pa½ rakkhati.

10?	Bh³p±l± puttehi saddhi½ samaºe vandanti.

11?	Cor± asse d²pa½ ±haranti.

12?	S±vak± purisehi saha pabbate ±ruhanti.

13?	V±ºij± kassakehi saddhi½ rukkhe chindanti.

14?	Y±cako mittena saha ±v±µa½ khaºati.

15?	Br±hmaºo m±tulehi saha canda½ passati.

16?	Coro khaggena assa½ paharati.

17?	Putto pattena odana½ ±harati.

18?	Kum±r± sunakhehi saha pabbata½ dh±vanti.

19?	V±ºij± kassakehi saddhi½ sakaµehi g±ma½ ±gacchanti.

20?	M±tul± puttehi saha rathehi vih±ra½ ±gacchanti.

21?	Sig±l± maggena pabbata½ dh±vanti.

22?	Kukkur± p±dehi ±v±µe khaºanti.

23?	Naro hatthena kakaca½ harati.

24?	Samaº± sagga½ gacchanti.

25?	Buddho s±vakehi saha g±ma½ ±gacchati.

EXERCISE 4

Translation into English

1?	From the village robbers run to the mountain.

2?	The child begs rice from the uncle.

3?	The boy falls from the stairway.

4?	Uncles wash garments.

5?	Fishermen bring fish in baskets.

6?	Lay devotees leave the monastery with monks.

7?	The brahmin cuts the tree with a saw.

8?	Together with their friends the boys see the king.

9?	The merchant descends from the mountain with his horse.

10?	The beggar asks the farmer for the dog.

11?	Serpents come down to the village from mountains/hills.

12?	Ministers shoot deer with arrows.

13?	From the village the thief takes away garments in a cart.

14?	With his ministers the king comes to the palace in  a vehicle.

15?	Pigs dig pits with their feet.

16?	The boy washes garments with his friends.

17?	Monks leave the village with lay devotees.

18?	The dog eats a fish from the basket.

19?	A friend asks for the dog from the son.

20?	The Buddha questions his disciples.

21?	Ministers ask questions from wise men.

22?	The washerman washes a garment together with his friend.

23?	Fish fall from  the basket.

24?	Thieves hit pigs with stones.

25?	The minister brings a parrot from the palace.

Translation into P±li

1?	Ass± g±mamh± pabbata½ dh±vanti.

2?	V±ºij± up±sakehi saddhi½ d²pamh± vih±ra½ ±gacchanti.

3?	Cor± sarehi var±he vijjhanti.

4?	Up±sako samaºamh± dhamma½ pucchati.

5?	D±rako mittena saddhi½ p±s±ºamh± patati.

6?	Soºo/sunakho/kukkuro kum±ra½ ¹asati.

7?	Amacc± bh³p±lena saha p±s±damh± nikkhamanti.

8?	Puriso d²pamh± miga½ ±harati.

9?	Kassako rukkhamh± oruhati.

10?	Sunakh± assehi saha maggena dh±vanti.

11?	Kum±r± v±ºijehi d²pe haranti.

12?	Coro sop±namh± oruhati.

13?	V±ºij± pabbatehi suve ±haranti.

14?	Asso p±dena sappa½ paharati.

15?	M±tulo mittehi saha pabbatehi samaºe passati.

16?	V±ºij± d²pamh± asse p±s±da½ ±haranti.

17?	Amacco cora½ pucchati.

18?	Kassako rajakena saddhi½ odana½ bhuñjati.

19?	D±rako sop±namh± patati.

20?	Dh²varo m±tulena saha pabbata½ ±ruhati.

21?	Y±cako sunakhena saha sayati.

22?	Bh³p±l± amaccehi saddhim d²pe rakkhanti.

23?	Bh³p±lo p±s±damh± Buddha½ vandati.

24?	Naro khaggena sappa½ hanati.

25?	Dh²var± sakaµehi macche g±ma½ ±haranti.

26?	Var±h± pabbatamh± g±ma½ dh±vanti.

27?	Up±sak± paº¹itamh± pañhe pucchanti.

28?	Putto rukkhamh± suva½ ±harati.

29?	Paº¹it± vih±ra½ gacchanti.

30?	S±vak± maggena g±ma½ gacchanti.

EXERCISE 5

Translation into English

1?	The merchant gives a garment to the washerman.

2?	The doctor brings a lamp to/for the teacher.

3?	Deer run from the rock to the mountain.

4?	Human beings get/receive/gain/acquire the doctrine from Buddhas.

5?	The man pulls the cart for the doctor.

6?	The child brings rice in his hand, for the beggar.

7?	The beggar digs a pit for the teacher.

8?	The washerman gives garments to the ministers.

9?	The Brahmin brings beds for the disciples.

10?	The monkey falls from the tree, the dog bites the monkey.

11?	Fishermen bring fish in baskets, for ministers.

12?	The farmer cuts a tree for the merchant.

13?	The thief digs a pit with a hoe for the teacher.

14?	The doctor cooks rice for his sons.

15?	The hermit speaks with the hunter.

16?	The hunter gives a lamp to the hermit.

17?	Lions kill deer.

18?	The monkey climbs the tree with its son.

19?	Monks receive rice/food from lay devotees.

20?	Children cry, the boy laughs, the uncle hits the boy.

21?	Monkeys come down from the mountain, (they) climb trees.

22?	Robbers enter the vehicle, the minister abandons the vehicle.

23?	The teacher brings a parrot from the tree for the child.

24?	The hunter pulls a goat from the mountain.

25?	The hermit/ascetic sees a lion from the mountain.

26?	Merchants receive profit from the farmers.

27?	The hunter kills pigs for the merchants.

28?	The ascetic asks questions from the teacher.

29?	The bowl falls from the bed.

30?	Boys bathe together with their friends.

Translation into P±li

1?	V±ºij± amacc±na½ asse ±haranti.

2?	Luddako v±ºij±ya aja½ hanati.

3?	Puriso kassakassa/kassak±ya kakacena rukkhe chindati.

4?	Mig± s²hamh± dh±vanti.

5?	Bh³p±lo up±sakehi saddhi½ Buddha½ vandati.

6?	Cor± g±mehi pabbate dh±vanti.

7?	Rajako bh³p±l±ya/bh³p±lassa s±µake dhovati.

8?	Dh²varo piµakehi kassak±na½  macche ±harati.

9?	¾cariyo vih±ra½ pavisati, samaºe passati.

10?	Sappo makkaµa½/v±nara½ ¹asati.

11?	Kum±r± br±hmaºassa/br±hmaº±ya mañca½ ±ka¹¹hanti.

12?	Cor± purisehi/narehi/manussehi saddhi½/saha p±s±da½ pavisanti.

13?	Kassak± dh²varehi macche labhanti.

14?	Var±h± d²pamh± pabbata½ gacchanti.

15?	Bh³p±lo p±s±da½ pajahati, putto vih±ra½ pavisati.

16?	S²ho sayati, makkaµ±/v±nar± k²¼anti.

17?	¾cariyo sunakhamh±/kukkuramh±/soºamh± putte rakkhati.

18?	Luddak± amacc±na½ sarehi mige vijjhanti.

19?	D±rak± m±tulamh± odana½/bhatta½ icchanti.

20?	Vejjo t±pasassa s±µaka½ dad±ti.21?	V±ºijo ±cariy±ya/±cariyassa sakaµena aja½ ±harati.

22?	Putt± pabbatamh±/pabbatasm± canda½ passanti.

23?	Paº¹it± dhammamh± l±bha½ labhanti.

24?	V±nar± g±mamh± nikkhamanti.

25?	Putto pabbatasm± mitt±ya suka½ ±harati.

26?	Vejjo vih±ra½ pavisati.

27?	Sig±lo g±mamh± maggena pabbata½ dh±vati.

28?	Sakaµo maggamh± patati, d±rako rodati.

29?	Amacc± sop±na½ ±ruhanti, vejjo sop±na½ oruhati.

30?	Paº¹it± Buddhasm± pañhe pucchanti.

EXERCISE 6

Translation into English

1?	The farmer's son comes with the doctor's friend.

2?	The brahmin's hoe falls from his hand.

3?	Deer depart/go away from the pits.

4?	Horses of the merchants run to the farmer's village.

5?	Uncle's friend worships the Buddha's disciple.

6?	The minister hits the serpent with the king's sword.

7?	Merchants bring fish in baskets for people in the villages.

8?	The robber goes out of the village in/by the cart of the doctor with a friend.

9?	Sons of the lay devotee go to the monastery with the monks.

10?	The beggar desires/wishes for the garment of the minister.

11?	Uncles of friends give rice/food/meals to ascetics.

12?	The thief hits the dog with the fisherman's saw.

13?	The king's son mounts the minister's horse.

14?	Sons of the wise man enter the monastery with a disciple of the Buddha.

15?	The sun protects the people.

16?	The doctor's dog falls from the teacher's staircase.

17?	Washermen get down/descend from trees.

18?	Children of the beggar cry.

19?	The hunter's sons play with the thief's children.

20?	The ascetic gives rice/food/meals to the disciples of the Buddha.

21?	Monks receive garments from the teacher's hand.

22?	The robber asks for the horse from the friend of the merchant.

23?	Lay devotees ask questions from the Buddha's disciples.

24?	A deer falls from the rock, the hunter laughs, dogs run.

25?	The doctor's bowl falls from the hand of the son.

26?	The boy gives rice to the uncles' sons with (his own) hand.

27?	Arrows fall from the hunter's hands, deer run to the mountain.

28?	The king's son comes down from the palace with the ministers.

29?	The doctor's dog bites the farmer's pig.

30?	The fisherman brings fish for the people, (he) gets profit.

Translation into P±li

1?	Br±hmaºassa putt± amaccassa puttena saha nah±yanti.

2?	M±tulassa mitto kassakassa puttena saddhi½ odana½ pacati.

3?	Dh²varo bh³p±lassa p±s±da½ macche ±harati.

4?	Bh³p±lo p±s±damh± amacc±na½ putte pakkosati.

5?	V±ºijassa ratho pabbatamh± patati.

6?	Bh³p±lassa amacc± assehi saha p±s±damh± nikkhamanti.

7?	Br±maºassa vejjo t±pas±na½ s±µake dad±ti.

8?	Luddakassa sunakh± pabbatamh± g±ma½ dh±vanti.

9?	V±ºijo vejjassa d±rak±ya mañca½ ±harati.

10?	Mig± pabbatasm± g±ma½ dh±vanti.

11?	¾cariyassa d±rako kassakassa rukkhamh± patati.

12?	Sunakho dh²varassa piµakasm± macche kh±dati.

13?	Buddhassa s±vak± vih±ramh± pabbata½ gacchanti.

14?	Luddako amaccassa mitt±na½ sarena s³kara½ hanati.

15?	D±rako ±cariyassa hatthehi d²pa½ labhati.

16?	Vejj±na½ ±cariyo d±rakassa m±tula½ pakkosati.

17?	Kum±ro pattena samaº±ya bhatta½ ±harati.

18?	Puris± up±sak±na½ g±ma½ gacchanti.

19?	Var±h±/s³kar± sig±lehi dh±vanti.20?	Makkaµ±/v±nar± migehi saddhi½ k²¼anti.

21?	Paº¹ito v±ºijehi saha bh³p±lassa d²pa½ ±gacchati.

22?	Kassakassa d±rak± m±tul±na½ rathehi pabbata½ gacchanti.

23?	S±µak± v±ºij±na½ sakaµehi patanti.

24?	Samaºo bh³p±lassa hatthehi patta½ labhati.

25?	Rajako purisassa m±tul±ya s±µake ±harati.

26?	Bh³p±lassa amacc± ±cariyassa mittehi saddhi½ odana½ bhuñjanti.

27?	Paº¹it± bh³p±l±na½ d²pe corehi rakkhanti.

28?	Kum±r± kassakehi dh²var±na½ piµake ±haranti.

29?	Kassakassa asso vejjassa ratha½ maggamh± ±ka¹¹hati.

30?	Samaº± ±cariyassa g±ma½ pavisanti.

EXERCISE 7

Translation into English

1?	The brahmin sits in the chariot with his friend.

2?	Wicked men move about in villages with thieves.

3?	The merchant cooks rice in the farmer's house.

4?	King's ministers protect people in the islands.

5?	Disciples of the Buddha live in the monastery.

6?	The monkey falls from the tree into a pit.

7?	The light of the sun falls on the sea.

8?	Farmers' oxen roam in the village.

9?	The doctor's child sleeps on the bed.

10?	Fishermen bring fish in baskets from the sea.

11?	The lion stands on the rock, monkeys move on trees.

12?	The king's messenger crosses the sea with a minister.

13?	People live in  the world, deities live in  heaven.

14?	Deer run among/in/on mountains, birds fly in the sky.

15?	The minister takes the sword from the king's hand.

16?	The teacher sits with his son on a bed in the uncle's house.

17?	Ascetics live on the mountain.

18?	Lay devotees assemble in the monastery with monks.

19?	Crows fly from trees.

20?	The Buddha speaks the truth/doctrine, good men are pleased with the Buddha.

21?	The wicked man hits the sailor's messenger with a sword.

22?	The man shoots the bird with an arrow, the bird falls into a pit from the tree.

23?	By the light of the sun people see the world.

24?	Farmer's oxen sleep on the road.

25?	A crow stands on the bull's body.

26?	Deer sit on rocks in the island.

27?	The bird falls from the hand of the sailor into the pit.

28?	The good man comes out of the sea with the sailor.

29?	The hoe falls from the hunter's hand into the pit.

30?	The moon shines by the light of the sun.

Translation into P±li

1?	S²ho pabbatasmi½ p±s±ºe tiµµhati.

2?	Cor± ±cariyassa niv±sa½ pavisanti.

3?	D±rak± mittehi saddhi½ maggamh± sammudda½ dh±vanti.

4?	M±tulassa goº± magge ±hiº¹anti.

5?	Sakuº± rukkhe nis²danti.

6?	Goºo p±dena aja½ paharati.

7?	Sig±l± pabbate vasanti.

8?	Bh³p±lo amaccehi saddhi½ Buddhassa p±de vandanti.

9?	M±tulo puttena saha mañce sayati.

10?	Dh²varo kassakassa gehe bhatta½ bhuñjati.

11?	Bh³p±lassa ass± d²pasmi½ vasanti.

12?	Sappuriso t±pas±ya/t±pasassa d²pa½ ±harati.

13?	Vejjo ±cariyassa geha½ s±µaka½ ±harati.

14?	V±naro/makkaµo soºena saha p±s±ºasmi½ k²¼ati.

15?	S±µako kassakassa k±yasmi½ patati.

16?	Luddako piµakasmi½ sare harati.

17?	Buddhassa s±vak± vih±re sannipatanti.

18?	Rajako amacc±na½ s±µake dhovati.

19?	Sakuº± ±k±se uppatanti.

20?	Sappuriso n±vikena saddhi½ samuddamh± uttarati.

21?	Dev± Buddhassa s±vakesu pas²danti.22?	V±ºij± n±vikehi saha samudda½ taranti.

23?	Sappuriso sappamh± kukkura½ rakkhati.

24?	K±k± pabbatamhi rukkhehi uppatanti.

25?	Var±ho dh²varassa piµakasm± maccha½ ±ka¹¹hati.

26?	Suriyassa ±loko loke manussesu patati.

27?	Sur±/dev± ±k±sena gacchanti.

28?	D±rak± kukkurena saddhi½ magge k²¼anti.

29?	Asappuriso rukkhamh± v±nara½ ±ka¹¹hati.

30?	Bh³p±lassa d³to assamh± oruhati.

EXERCISE 8

Translation into English

1?	The lay devotee brings flowers.

2?	Deer live in the forest, monkeys move on trees.

3?	Oxen/cattle eat grass.

4?	People see with eyes.

5?	The monk sits on a seat in the monastery.

6?	Leaves fall from a tree.

7?	Merchants take milk from the village to the city.

8?	The king walks in the park with the boy.

9?	The farmer digs pits in the field with a hoe.

10?	The uncle gives the son's goods.

11?	Lay devotees give alms to monks, protect virtue.

12?	Children play in the water with their friends.

13?	Farmers get cloth from merchants.

14?	The boy brings flowers for the uncle from the park.

15?	The brahmin's goats wander in the forest with oxen, (they) eat grass.

16?	A lion sits at the foot of the tree in the forest.

17?	Washermen wash seats with water.

18?	The minister enters the forest in a vehicle with a messenger.

19?	The beggar's son washes leaves with water.

20?	Merchants bring goods from the city to the village.

21?	Disciples of the Buddha advise the sons of wicked men.

22?	Lay devotees sprinkle the flowers with water.

23?	The boy breaks a bowl, uncle scolds.

24?	The hunter's son touches the body of a deer with his hand.

25?	The bull gets up from the rock in the field.

26?	The washerman's son places the garments on the bed.

27?	The disciple of the Buddha opens the door of the monastery.

28?	The doctor's children dance in the house.

29?	The wise man admonishes the wicked man.

30?	The robber abandons the cart of the teacher on the mountain.

Translation into P±li

1?	D±rak± kukkurena saha udake k²¼anti.

2?	Asappuriso rukkhasm± paºº±ni chindati.

3?	Bh³p±l± amaccehi saddhi½ rathehi uyy±na½ gacchanti.

4?	V±ºij± bhaº¹±ni ±d±ya (see next lesson) nagaramh± nikkhamanti.

5?	Sappuris± samaº±na½  d±na½ dadanti.

6?	Buddhassa s±vak± up±sakehi saha uyy±ne sannipatanti.

7?	Coro vanasmi½ rukkhamh± oruhati.

8?	Asappuris± rukkhesu makkaµe p±s±ºehi paharanti.

9?	Vejjassa asso goºena saha magge tiºa½ kh±dati.

10?	Sig±l± araññesu vasanti, sunakh± g±mesu vasanti.

11?	Br±hmaº± paº¹itassa gehe ±sanesu nis²danti.

12?	N±viko gehassa dv±r±ni vivarati.

13?	Dh²var±na½ putt± mittehi saddhi½ uyy±ne naccanti.

14?	V±ºijo piµakesu macche pakkhipati.

15?	Loko suriyamh± ±loka½ labhati.

16?	N±vik± ±sanehi uµµhahanti.

17?	Vejjassa mitto kukkurassa k±ya½ p±dena phusati.

18?	Buddho vih±rasmi½ s±vake anus±sati.

19?	Kum±r± uyy±n± pupph±ni sa½haranti, up±sak± udakena ±siñcanti.

20?	Suko n±vikassa gehamh± ±k±sa½ uppatati.

21?	Coro kakacena rukkha½ chindati, kassako akkosati.

22?	Paº¹ito v±ºija½ anus±sati, v±ºijo paº¹itamhi pas²dati.23?	Bh³p±lassa d³to n±vikena saddhi½ samuddamh± uttarati.

24?	V±ºij± nagaramh± kassak±na½ vatth±ni ±haranti.

25?	Dev±/sur± sappurise rakkhanti, sappuris± s²l±ni rakkhanti.

26?	Suriyassa ±lokena manuss± nayanehi r³p±ni passanti.

27?	Rukkhehi paºº±ni magge patanti.

28?	Up±sak± pupph±sanesu pupph±ni pakkhipanti.

29?	Aj± khette ±v±µehi udaka½ pivanti.

30?	S²h± rukkham³le p±s±ºamh± uµµahanti.

EXERCISE 9

Translation into English

1?	The lay devotee goes to the monastery and  gives alms to the monks.

2?	The disciple sits on the seat and washes his feet/Seated on the seat, the disciple washes his feet.

3?	Having picked flowers and given (them) to the uncle, the children laugh.

4?	Beggars come from the park and beg rice from the farmer.

5?	Taking arrows in his hand, the hunter enters the forest.

6?	Having played with the dog and the children go to the sea and bathe.

7?	Standing on the rock, the merchant hits the serpent with the hoe.

8?	The virtuous man having called the sons of the beggar gives clothes.

9?	Having fallen into the pit, the child cries.

10?	The king goes out of the palace and speaks with the minister.

11?	Having drunk water and left the house, the dog sleeps on the road.

12?	Monks assemble in the king's park and discuss the doctrine.

13?	Having bathed and eaten rice the son gets onto the bed and sleeps.

14?	Having come from the island to the city, the merchants live in the house of the teacher.

15?	After washing  clothes the washerman calls his son.

16?	Having descended from trees, monkeys wander in the park.

17?	Wandering in the park deer eat leaves.

18?	After washing his eyes the boy sees the sun.

19?	Friends of the sailor come to the village bringing goods from the city.

20?	Having drunk milk the child goes out of  the house and laughs.

21?	Giving alms and protecting virtues, good men go to heaven.

22?	Having come out of the water and descended  into a pit, the pig sleeps.

23?	Having seen and worshipped a disciple of the Buddha the hermit asks a question.

24?	Having broken the bowl of a beggar and scolded him, the wicked man goes to the house.

25?	Having flown away from the trees in the village, the birds descend into the forest.

26?	The wise man gets up from his seat and speaks with the hermit/ascetic.

27?	Having gone out of the house the child calls his uncle  and enters the house.

28?	Being  pleased with virtuous men, gods/deities protect them.

29?	Friends of the boy ascend the palace and sit on seats.

30?	Having roamed in the field and eaten grass, the oxen sleep.

Translation into P±li

1?	Kassako geh±/gehamh±/gehasm± nikkhamma/nikkhamitv± khetta½ pavisati.

2?	Buddho dhamma½ desetv± (see lesson 13) vih±ra½ pavisati.

3?	Bh³p±lo Buddhe/Buddhamhi/Buddhasmi½ pas²ditv± p±s±da½ pajahitv± vih±ra½ gacchati.

4?	D±rako sop±namh± oruyha hasati.5?	Kum±ro p±s±ºena sappa½ paharitv± geha½ dh±vati.

6?	Puriso/Manusso/Naro arañña½ gantv± rukkha½ ±ruyha phal±ni bhuñjati/kh±dati.

7?	Udakena vatth±ni dhovitv± rajako (t±ni) geha½ ±harati.

8?	S²ho aja½ hantv± p±s±nasmi½ nis²ditv± kh±dati.

9?	Vejjo v±ºij±na½ bhaº¹±ni passitv± nagaramh± nikkhamati.

10?	Geha½ bhinditv± cor± arañña½ dh±vanti.

11?	S³karo khette ±hiº¹itv± ±v±µasmi½ patati.

12?	Dh²varo kassak±na½ samuddamh± macche ±harati.

13?	Nagaramh± bhaº¹±ni ±d±ya ±cariyo geha½ ±gacchati.

14?	Pabbatasmi½ µhatv± luddako sarehi sakuºe vijjhati.

15?	Uyy±ne tiºa½ kh±ditv± goº± magge sayanti.

16?	Bh³p±lo rathamh± oruyha kassakehi saddhi½ bh±sati.

17?	Puriso geha½ pah±ya vih±ra½ pavisati.

18?	Dh²var± v±ºij±na½ macche datv± l±bha½ labhanti.

19?	Up±sako samaºamh± pañha½ pucchitv± ±sane nis²dati.

20?	Buddhassa s±vak± asappurise disv± anus±santi.

21?	Br±hmaºo d±raka½ akkositv± paharati.

22?	Dev± Buddhamh± pañhe pucchitv± pas²danti.

23?	Kukkuro ±cariyassa p±da½ ¹asitv± geha½ dh±vati.

24?	Makkaµo/v±naro ajena saddhi½/saha magge k²¼itv± rukkha½ ±ruhati.

25?	T±paso araññamh± ±gamma/±gantv± sappurisamh± vattha½ labhati.

26?	D±rako udaka½ pivitv± patta½ bhindati.

27?	Samaº± kassak±na½ putte ovaditv± ±sanehi uµµhahitv± vih±ra½ gacchanti.

28?	N±viko samudda½ taritv± d²pa½ gacchati.

29?	D±rako m±tule pakkositv± gehe naccati.

30?	Vatth±ni dhovitv± nah±yitv± kassako udakamh± uttarati.

EXERCISE 10

Translation into English

1?	Having played with friends in the forest the boys run home to eat rice.

2?	Having eaten grass deer come to the park from the mountain to drink water.

3?	The merchant's son goes to town by/in the vehicle to bring goods.

4?	The beggar wishes to dig a pit with his uncle's hoe.

5?	Ministers assemble in the palace to see the king.

6?	Having roamed in the park oxen come to the farmer's field.

7?	Lay devotees enter the monastery to give alms to monks.

8?	The man comes out of the house to go to the town in a vehicle.

9?	The brahmin descends into the water to bathe with the doctor.

10?	The thief wanders in the park to enter the minister's house.

11?	Having slept on the mountain the lion gets up and descends to kill a deer.

12?	The washerman calls his son to step into the water and wash clothes.

13?	The lay devotee enters the monastery to see the Buddha and worship him.

14?	Taking a hoe, the farmer leaves the house to plough the field.

15?	Hunters enter the forest with dogs to shoot deer with arrows.

16?	Men wish to leave the village and dwell in the city.

17?	Ministers climb the mountain with boys to see birds.

18?	The farmer goes with the merchant to drag a tree from the mountain.

19?	Monkeys move on  trees to eat fruits.

20?	The wise man wishes to speak with the Buddha's disciples.21?	Merchants wish to cross the sea and go to the island to bring clothes.

22?	The lay devotee advises the boys to collect flowers and sprinkle them with water.

23?	The child  wishes to stroke the body of the goat with his hands.

24?	The washerman's sons wish to sit on the seats in the brahmin's house.

25?	The child cries asking for water to drink.

Translation into P±li

1?	Aj± paºº±ni kh±ditv± udaka½ pivitu½ uyy±ne ±hiº¹anti.

2?	Asappuriso p±dena kukkura½ paharitu½ icchati.

3?	Mitt± kukkurehi k²¼itu½ uyy±na½ gacchanti.

4?	Up±sako geha½ ±gantv± putte ovaditu½ icchati.

5?	Suro/Devo vih±ra½ gantv± Buddhena saddhi½ bh±situ½ icchati.

6?	Sappuriso s²l±ni rakkhitv± d±n±ni d±tu½ icchati.

7?	S³kar± arañña½ pavisitu½ g±mamh± dh±vanti.

8?	Kassako khette ±v±µe khaºitu½ v±ºijamh± kudd±la½ y±cati.

9?	Buddha½ vanditu½ up±sak± vih±re sannipatanti.

10?	M±tulo dh²vara½ pakkositu½ gehamh± nikkhamati.

11?	Kassak± goºe labhitu½ icchanti, v±ºij± asse labhitu½ icchanti.

12?	Bh³p±lo p±s±da½ pajahitu½ icchati.

13?	Manuss± piµake ±d±ya d±rak±na½ phal±ni sa½haritu½ arañña½ gacchanti.

14?	Kassako goºana½ tiº±ni chinditu½ araññe ±hiº¹ati.

15?	Manuss± puttehi saddhi½ nagare gehesu vasitu½ icchanti.

16?	P±s±ºasmi½ µhatv± d±rako rukkhesu pupph±ni passati.

17?	¾cariyamh± s±µaka½ labhitv± vejjo pas²dati.

18?	Luddako araññamh± aja½ ±ka¹¹hitu½ sah±ya½ pakkosati.

19?	Samudda½ taritu½ n±viko v±ºije pakkosati.

20?	Sappuriso ±sanamh± uµµh±ya samaºena saddhi½ bh±situ½ icchati.

21?	D±rak± udaka½ otaritv± nah±yitu½ icchanti.

22?	Arañña½ gantv± mige vijjhitu½ amacco assa½ ±ruhati.

23?	Kum±ro m±tulassa mitt±na½ bhatta½ pacitu½ icchati.

24?	Kassak±na½ khette pavisitu½ sig±l± araññamh± nikkhamanti.

25?	Manuss± suriyassa ±lokena nayanehi r³p±ni passitu½ icchanti.

EXERCISE 11

Translation into English

1?	The crying child having asked for water falls off the bed.

2?	The merchant wishing to get clothes goes to the shop.

3?	The lay devotee taking lotuses and going to the monastery is pleased having seen the Buddha.

4?	Carrying a fruit with its beak the bird flies from the tree.

5?	The teacher gives a robe to the monk seeking  a robe.

6?	Having seen a running deer, the hunter roaming in the forest shoots with an arrow.

7?	A brahmin asks for lotuses from the boy wandering in the park.

8?	The teacher laughs with the ministers going in the vehicle.

9?	People who give alms and protect virtues are born in heaven.

10?	To the man who wishes/hopes for grain, the merchant wants/wishes/desires to give wealth.

11?	Killing oxen/cattle and cutting trees, the wicked men try to collect/gather wealth/money.

12?	The Buddha, who is approaching the monastery, sees the disciples discussing the dhamma/doctrine.

13?	The boys seated at the foot of the tree singing songs, begin to dance.

14?	People trying to get gold dig pits on/in the mountain.

15?	The lion wishing to drink water moves/walks in the forest looking for water.16?	The man expecting to get wages washes clothes for the washerman.

17?	Lay devotees talking with monks try to understand the truth.

18?	The child laughs having sprinkled water on a dog sleeping on the road.

19?	Good men who protect virtue, having departed from the human world, are born in heaven.

20?	Having crossed the sea, the merchant trying to collect wealth starts to go to the island.

21?	A farmer, roaming in the forest searching for his oxen gets frightened having seen a lion.

22?	Having sat on trees eating fruits, the boys sing a song.

23?	People who try to understand the doctrine with a pleased mind are born in the celestial world.

24?	The crow desiring to pull a fish from the basket with its beak fears the dog.

25?	Having ploughed the field, the farmer sowing seeds desires (expects) to get corn.

26?	Seeing things/objects by the light of the sun with their eyes people live in the world.

27?	A lay devotee speaks with the monk sewing a robe seated at the foot of a tree.

28?	Leaves fall on the body of the beggar sleeping at the foot of the tree.

29?	Having given money to the merchant, the minister tries to get horses.

30?	Having drunk milk, the laughing child throws the bowl on the bed.

Translation into P±li

1?	Vatth±ni dhovanto puriso magge gacchantena kum±rena saddhi½ bh±sati.

2?	Br±hmaºo udaka½ pivitu½ araññamh± ±gacchanta½/nikkhamanta½ miga½ passati.

3?	Uyy±ne aj± rukkhehi patant±ni paºº±ni kh±danti.

4?	Asappuris± mige hanante luddake passitu½ icchanti.

5?	Kassako khette b²j±ni kh±dante sakuºe passati.

6?	Nagara½ pavisant± samaº± vih±re vasanta½ Buddha½ vanditu½ icchanti.

7?	Sop±ne tiµµhanto d±rako rukkhe nis²dante makkaµe passati.

8?	Kum±r± udake carant±na½ macch±na½ bhatta½ dadanti.

9?	Samudda½ taritu½ ±kaªkham±no n±viko bh³p±lamh± m³la½ y±cati.

10?	Samuddasmi½ patanta½ candassa ±loka½ manuss± locanehi passanti.

11?	Up±sak± vih±re vasant±na½ samaº±na½ c²vare d±tu½ ussahanti.

12?	Puñña½ ±kaªkham±n± sappuris± samaº±na½ d±n±ni dadanti s²l±ni rakkhanti.

13?	Puriso araññe rukkhehi patantesu paººesu ±hiº¹ati.

14?	M±tulo pupph±ni pariyesantassa d±rakassa paduma½ dad±ti.

15?	Dh²varo y±cakassa thoka½ dhañña½ datv± geha½ pavisati.

16?	Amacco khette kasant±na½ kassak±na½ b²j±ni dad±ti.

17?	Sunakho (tassa=his) k±ya½ phusantassa purisassa hattha½ ¹asitu½ ussahati.

18?	Buddhassa s±vak± magge rodanta½ d±raka½ pucchanti.

19?	M±tulassa mitto rukkham³le nis²ditv± g²t±ni g±yante kum±re pakkosati.

20?	Sappuris± gehe upasaªkamant±na½ samaº±na½ odana½ dadanti.

21?	Sagge uppajjitu½ ±kaªkham±n± sappuris± s²la½ rakkhanti.

22?	G±ma½ ±gacchanta½/upasaªkamanta½ sig±la½ disv± kassako p±s±ºena ta½ paharitu½ ussahati.

23?	Sacca½ bh±sam±n± up±sak± dhamma½ uggaºhitu½/adhigantu½ ussahanti.

24?	Udakena patta½ dhovitv± t±paso p±n²ya½ pariyesati.

25?	S²l±ni rakkhant± paº¹it± sacca½ adhigantu½ ±rabhanti.

EXERCISE 12

Translation into English

1?	With friends you bring goods from the shop in the vehicle.

2?	Having brought lotuses from the water, I give them to the merchant.

3?	You (pl.) search for robes to give to the monks.

4?	Wishing to be born in heaven we practise virtues.

5?	They give alms to monks trying to understand the doctrine.

6?	He climbs the mountain to see birds flying in the forest.

7?	We assemble in the monastery to worship the disciples of the Buddha.

8?	Seeing a hermit coming he enters the house to bring rice.

9?	Having descended into the water, I wash the brahmin's clothes.

10?	Having opened the door of the house you take water from the bowl and drink.

11?	Searching for gold I dig pits in the island.

12?	Eating fruits you (pl.) get down from trees.

13?	You (singular) try to see the moon standing on the rock.

14?	Departing from the human world, we wish to be born in heaven.

15?	You (pl.) wish to shoot with arrows deer living in the forest.

16?	Walking in the park, we see children playing with dogs.

17?	Seated at the foot of the tree, you sew a cloth to give the teacher.

18?	Wishing for merit, we give alms to monks.

19?	You (pl.) begin to understand the truth.

20?	Singing a song you protect the crying child.

21?	We dance in the park with the boys who are laughing.

22?	Having drunk water and broken the bowl, he fears the uncle.

23?	The king is delighted (the king's mind is pleased) seeing the monk approaching the palace.

24?	Having entered the forest, we collect leaves for the goats.

25?	Protecting the field he sees pigs digging pits and hits (them) with stones.

Translation into P±li

1?	Aha½ kukkurassa k±ya½ phusanta½ d±raka½ pakkos±mi.

2?	Maya½ vih±rasmi½ sannipatantehi samaºehi saha bh±sam±n± sacca½ adhigantu½ ussah±ma.

3?	Uyy±ne nis²dant± tumhe mittehi saha phal±ni bhuñjatha.

4?	Tva½ ±sane nis²ditv± kh²ra½ pivasi.

5?	Araññe gantv± carante mige passitu½ maya½ gehamh± nikkham±ma.

6?	Aha½ dhamma½ adhigantu½ icch±mi.

7?	Pabbatamhi µhatv± maya½ samuddamhi patanta½ candassa ±loka½ pass±ma.

8?	Aha½ kassakassa sakaµa½ maggamh± ±ka¹¹h±mi.

9?	Tumhe ±sanesu nis²datha, aha½ gehamh± p±n²ya½ ±har±mi.

10?	B²j±ni kh±dante sakuºe passant± maya½ khettesu ±hiº¹±ma.

11?	Aha½ var±he hananta½ asappurisa½ ovad±mi.

12?	Geha½ upasaªkamanta½ sappa½ passitv± tva½ bh±yasi.

13?	Aha½ araññamh± nikkhamantehi manussehi pañhe pucch±mi./Aha½ araññamh± nikkhamante manusse pañhe pucch±mi.

14?	Rodanta½ d±raka½ disv± maya½ magge gacchanta½ vejja½ pakkos±ma.

15?	S²l±ni rakkhanto samaº±na½ d±na½ dadanto aha½ d±rakehi saddhi½ gehe j²v±mi.

16?	P±pakamm±ni (p±p±ni k±tu½) bh±yant± sappuris± sagge uppajjanti.

17?	L±bha½ labhitu½ ±kaªkham±n± maya½ nagaramh± bhaº¹±ni ±har±ma.

18?	Rukkham³le µhatv± maya½ udakena pupph±ni ±siñc±ma.

19?	Aha½ udakena patte dhovitv± vejjassa dad±mi.

20?	Sacca½ pariyesam±no aha½ geha½ pah±ya vih±ra½ pavis±mi.

21?	Tumhe samaºe passitu½ icchant± uyy±ne sannipatatha.22?	Aha½ k±kassa tuº¹amh± patanta½ phala½ pass±mi.

23?	Tva½ samudda½ taritv± d²pamh± assa½ ±harasi.

24?	Aha½ ±panamh± d²pa½ ±haritu½ gehamh± nikkham±mi.

25?	Aha½ piµaka½ ±d±ya dhañña½ sa½haritu½ khetta½ gacch±mi.

EXERCISE 13

Translation into English

1?	Buddha preaches the doctrine to people who assemble in the monastery.

2?	With the intention of offering to the Buddha the lay devotee collects/picks flowers.

3?	Filling the bowls with water they sing a song.

4?	Oppressing the deer living in the forest you (pl.) become evil men.

5?	Having gone to the market and discussed with the merchants we sell corn.

6?	Seeing a parrot flying you wish to catch (it).

7?	The boy runs out of the house to see the moon rising from the mountain.

8?	I plant trees in the field together with the farmers.

9?	We sit on chairs in the palace discussing with the ministers.

10?	Having invited the disciples of the Buddha, you give alms.

11?	Having gone to the monastery and lit lamps, lay devotees sit down to listen to the doctrine.

12?	Covering the head with a cloth the hunter sits down and tries to kill birds.

13?	Having brought cattle roaming in the forest to the village, he sells (them) to merchants.

14?	Having bought goods from shops and brought (them) by cart you keep (them) at home.

15?	You cut trees with saws and fell (them) from the mountain.

16?	Kings ruling people righteously avoid evil.

17?	Wishing to know the truth, I ask questions from monks.

18?	Good men who give alms and protect virtue reach heaven.

19?	The farmer measuring corn intends to take it to the market and sell it.

20?	Standing at the door, drinking water from a bowl I look at the road.

21?	He sends the son to buy milk from the shop.

22?	Trying to learn the doctrine we discuss with a wise man.

23?	You are wicked men who oppress people by breaking (into) houses with robbers.

24?	I know the merchants coming from the island searching [for] gold.

25?	I am a teacher, you are a doctor.

26?	You wicked man try to be good having listened to the doctrine preached by the Buddha.

27?	I am a king ruling the island righteously discussing with wise men.

28?	Robbers who kill pigs and oppress farmers commit evil deeds.

29?	People who protect virtue and perform meritorious deeds hope to reach heaven.

30?	Men who live having abandoned evil and avoided sin become good people. (Living men having abandoned evil and avoiding sin become good people.)

Translation into P±li

1?	Tva½ rukkhehi phal±ni ocinitv± ±paºa½ pesesi.

2?	Dhamma½ desenta½ Buddha½ sutv± aha½ pas²d±mi.

3?	Dhañña½ sa½haritu½ cintento aha½ kassakena saddhi½ khetta½ gacch±mi.

4?	G²t±ni g±yant± tumhe ±k±se u¹¹ente sakuºe oloketha.

5?	G±masmi½ kassake p²¼enta½ asappurisa½ aha½ ovad±mi.

6?	Maya½ uyy±ne rukkhe ropetu½ ±v±µe khaº±ma.

7?	Maya½ vih±rasmi½ d²pe j±lenta½ manussa½ j±n±ma.

8?	N±vikehi saddhi½ d²pa½ p±puºitu½ tumhe samudda½ taratha.

9?	D²pa½ p±lento bh³p±lo jin±ti.10?	Maya½ g±me vasantehi samaºehi dhamma½ uggaºhitu½ ±rabh±ma.

11?	Sacca½ pariyesanto paº¹ito nagaramh± nagara½ gacchati.

12?	Sayanta½ soºa½ p±dena parivajjetv± kum±ro geha½ dh±vati.

13?	Sagge uppajjitu½ ±kaªkham±n± paº¹it± p±pa½ k±tu½ bh±yanti.

14?	Manussalokamh± cavitv± asappuris± narake uppajjanti.

15?	Pabbatamh± t±pasa½ nimantetv± bh³p±lo c²vara½ dad±ti.

16?	Sacca½ uggaºhitu½ ussahant± up±sak± samaº± bhavanti.

17?	Dhamma½ desenta½ samaºa½ sotu½ ±kaªkham±n± up±sak± vih±re sannipatanti.

18?	Maya½ nayanehi pass±ma, sotehi suº±ma, k±yehi phus±ma.

19?	Aha½ d²pe p±lento bh³palo homi/bhav±mi.

20?	Tumhe corehi mantent± asappuris± hotha/bhavatha.

21?	Sappuris± loka½ ±rakkhitu½ rukkhe ropetu½ ±rabhanti.

22?	Dhamma½ sutv± coro p±pa½ parivajjitu½ icchati.

23?	G±mehi ±gacchant±na½ kassak±na½ vikkiºitu½ v±ºij± ±paºesu vatth±ni µhapenti.

24?	Manussaloke gil±no dev±na½ d³to hoti.

25?	Asappurise anus±sent± sappuris± loke vasanti.

26?	Vejjo udakamh± padum±ni ocinitv± dhamma½ sotu½ vih±ra½ gacchati.

27?	Coro Buddha½ passitv± pas²ditv± sare nikkhipati.

28?	Akusala½ parivajjitu½ icchanto aha½ s²la½ rakkh±mi.

29?	Maya½ vih±ramh± ±gacchant±na½ samaº±na½ d±na½ d±tu½ odana½ pac±ma.

30?	Tumhe v±ºijehi saddhi½ suvaººa½ pariyesam±n± d²pamh± d²pa½ gacchatha.

EXERCISE 14

Translation into English

1?	He will go up the palace to see the moon rising from the mountain.

2?	The king will discuss with the ministers to protect the island from thieves.

3?	After having crossed the sea and reached the island I will sell goods.

4?	While approaching the monastery you will see people selling flowers on the way.

5?	The farmer who is washing clothes after stepping into the water will bathe and come home.

6?	You who live in the village will go to the city and bring a vehicle.

7?	You good men wishing to do merit will advise wicked friends.

8?	I will give drinking water to the lay devotees sitting in the park to listen to the doctrine.

9?	We kings will rule the islands righteously.

10?	I scold the evil man who wishes to eat fruits by felling the tree.

11?	Giving alms and protecting virtue we will learn the dhamma from monks.

12?	Having seen the child falling from the running cart you bring a doctor.

13?	The hermit trying to understand the truth hopes to see the Buddha.

14?	Being pleased with the Buddha the lay devotee having become a deity is born in the heavenly world.

15?	Seeing the rising sun the brahmin goes out of the house and worships it.

16?	Hoping to reach the island we look for a sailor to cross the sea.

17?	I am the king wishing to send a messenger to the minister.18?	Merchants who perform meritorious deeds have wealth.

19?	We will see the boys dancing and singing songs.

20?	Deities will honour good men who avoid evil and perform meritorious deeds.

21?	Wise people who speak the truth and admonish evil men will become lay devotees.

22?	Having filled the bowl with corn you will give it to the teacher.

23?	I will approach the monk sitting at the foot of the tree sewing a robe.

24?	I sit on the bed stroking the body of the sleeping son.

25?	Recluses admonish people to plant trees in parks.

Translation into P±li

1?	Aha½ Buddhamh± dhamma½ uggaºhitv± dhammena loke j²viss±mi.

2?	Aha½ amaccehi saddhi½ dhammena d²pa½ p±letu½ bh³p±la½ ovadiss±mi.

3?	¾sanamhi s±µaka½ µhapetv± kum±ro nah±yitu½ udaka½ otarissati.

4?	Tumhe dhamma½ sutv± Tath±gate pas²dissatha.

5?	Phal±ni sa½harant± araññe carant± te p±n²ya½ p±tu½ icchissanti.

6?	Nagara½ upasaªkamant± kassak± magge dh±vante rathe passissanti.

7?	Udento suriyo loka½ obh±sessati.

8?	Uyy±ne rukkh± candassa ±lokena nah±yissanti.

9?	Paº¹itamh± pañhe pucchante putte disv± tva½ pas²dissasi.

10?	D±rak± rukkhesu phal±ni kh±dante suke passitu½ icchissanti.

11?	Maya½ d²pamh± ±gacchant± vejj± homa/bhav±ma, tumhe d²pa½ gacchant± ±cariy± hotha/bhavatha.

12?	So m³la½ ±d±ya/gahetv± bhaº¹±ni kiºitu½ ±paºa½ gamissati.

13?	D±rako p±n²yena patta½ p³retv± odana½ bhuñjantassa y±cakassa dassati.

14?	Puñña½ labhitu½ ±kaªkhant± manuss± loke manuss±na½ rukkhe ropessanti.

15?	Dhana½ pariyesant± asappuris± g±mesu dhammena j²vante kassake p²¼essanti.

16?	Pabbatesu rukkhesu phal±ni bhavanti.

17?	Sappuris± kusalakamm±ni karont± samaºehi dhamma½ uggaºhissanti.

18?	Paº¹it± d²pe p±lente bh³p±le anus±santi.

19?	Samuddamh± ±gacchantehi dh²varehi tumhe macche kiºissatha.

20?	Maya½ dhamma½ uggaºhitu½ ±kaªkham±n± Buddha½ upasaªkam±ma.

21?	Uyy±na½ ±gacchanta½ sig±la½ disv± d±rak± bh±yissanti.

22?	Amaccehi saha g±ma½ ±gacchanta½ bh³p±la½ passitu½ te gamissanti.

23?	Tva½ dhammena j²vanto sappuriso hosi.

24?	Aha½ tuº¹ena phala½ ocinanta½ suva½ pass±mi.

25?	Maya½ s²la½ rakkhant± sappuris± bhaviss±ma.

EXERCISE 15

Translation into English

1?	If you listen to the Dhamma, certainly you would become a disciple of the Buddha.

2?	If they learn to sing songs, I too will learn.

3?	If you send seeds, the farmer would sow them in the field.

4?	If you collect/pick lotuses the boys would offer them to the Buddha.

5?	If you take the money, I would take the cloth.

6?	If we discuss with the king, ministers would not come.

7?	If you plant trees, children would enjoy fruits.

8?	If we become/are good people, sons too would become good men.9?	If kings rule the islands righteously we would be pleased with them.

10?	If the farmer sells the bull, the merchant will buy it.

11?	If wicked men who oppress people come to the village, I will admonish/advise them.

12?	If ministers avoid evil, people would not commit evil.

13?	If you climb up the mountain, you would see deer roaming, monkeys moving on trees and birds flying.

14?	If you bring water in a bowl, being thirsty he would drink.

15?	Doing meritorious deeds you should try to be born in the human world.

16?	If he is a doctor, I will bring the crying child to see him.

17?	If my son does evil, I should advise him.

18?	If the minister brings a wise teacher, we will learn the doctrine.

19?	If I try to touch the parrot with my hand, it might fly out of the house.

20?	If he wishes to call the doctor, I will bring him.

Translation into P±li

1?	Sace tva½ putt±na½ p±pakamm±ni ch±deyy±si te cor± bhaveyyu½./Yadi tva½ puttehi karonte akusalakamm±ni ch±deyy±si te cor± bhavissanti.

2?	Sace tumhe sappuris± bhavitu½ iccheyy±tha p±pa½ parivajjetha/parivajjeyy±tha.

3?	Sace maya½ nayanehi olokeyy±ma loke r³p±ni passeyy±ma, sace maya½ cittehi olokeyy±ma puñña½ ca p±pa½ ca passeyy±ma.

4?	Yadi tva½ g²ta½ g±yitu½ ±rabhasi/±rabheyy±si, d±rak± naccitu½ ±rabhissanti/±rabheyyu½.

5?	Sace maya½ manussalokamh± caveyy±ma manussaloke uppajjitu½ na bh±yiss±ma.

6?	Sace dev± manussaloke uppajjeyyu½ te puññakamm±ni karissanti/kareyyu½.

7?	Sace tumhe sacca½ pariyesatha/pariyeseyy±tha vih±re vasanta½ Tath±gata½ upasaªkameyy±tha.

8?	Sace tva½ v±ºija½ ovadeyy±si so sappuriso bhavissati.

9?	Yadi aha½ samaºa½ pakkoseyy±mi so dhamma½ desetu½/desitu½ geha½ ±gamissati.

10?	Sace tva½ sappuriso bhavasi araññe ±hiº¹ante goºe na m±ressasi.

11?	Yadi tumhe khette kamma½ kareyy±tha tumhe dhana½ ca dhañña½ ca labhissatha.

12?	Yadi bh³p±lo dhammena d²pa½ p±letu½ iccheyya/±kaªkheyya so paº¹itehi ca amaccehi ca mantessati/manteyya.

13?	Sace tva½ khette kamma½ karissasi kasante kassake passeyy±si.

14?	Aha½ makkaµena saha uyy±ne k²¼ante kum±re pass±mi.

15?	Yadi te g±yante sakuºe passitu½ iccheyyu½ te uyy±na½ gamissanti.

16?	Sace tumhe dhamma½ suºeyy±tha dhammena j²vitu½ sakkissatha.

17?	Sace tva½ p±pamitte parivajjeyy±si tva½ sappuriso bhavissasi.

18?	Sace amacco sappuriso na hoti maya½ (ta½) na upasaªkamiss±ma.

19?	Sace rukkhe phal±ni honti aha½ t±ni ocinitu½ rukkha½ aruhiss±mi.

20?	Sace aha½ phal±ni ocineyy±mi tumhe mittehi saha bhuñjissatha.

EXERCISE 16

Translation into English

1?	May kings rule the island righteously.

2?	Let the man not fear, if he knows the truth may he speak.

3?	You (pl.) advise the sons committing sin.

4?	May the Blessed One preach the doctrine, disciples and lay devotees are sitting in the monastery.5?	May they not commit evil deeds and be born in purgatory having departed from the human world.

6?	May robbers not kill the oxen of the farmers.

7?	Do not touch the dog, he might bite you.

8?	Having lit lamps you (pl) look at the murals in the monastery.

9?	Having addressed  wicked men you (pl.) admonish (them) to live righteously.

10?	Son, do not approach evil friends.

11?	If you try to speak the truth, you would become good men.

12?	If you throw stones, crows and birds will fly into the sky.

13?	Child, do not break the bowl after drinking water.

14?	Let not the robbers who are going after stealing gold cross the sea.

15?	Lay devotee, do not scold your sons; after discussing with monks admonish them.

Translation into P±li

1?	D²pa½ p±lento bh³p±lo dhammmena manusse rakkhatu.

2?	Uyy±ne k²¼ant± d±rak± patant±ni paºº±ni sa½harantu.

3?	Kassak± ca v±ºij± ca bh³p±lassa uyy±ne sannipatantu.

4?	Putt± s²he ca mige ca sakuºe ca passitu½ pabbata½ ±ruhantu.

5?	Sace tumhe mige ±rakkhitu½ icchatha m± araññesu rukkhe chindatha.

6?	M± d±rako sop±namh± oruhatu, so patissati.

7?	Kassako khette kasitv± b²j±ni vapatu, m± so aje hanatu.

8?	Tuº¹ehi phal±ni gahetv± suv± uppatantu/u¹¹entu.

9?	Putt±, m± tumhe p±pa½ karotha, dhammena j²vatha.

10?	Sugatassa s±vak± d±n±ni ca c²var±ni ca labhantu.

11?	D±rak± gehamh± nikkhamitv±  pabbatasm± udenta½ canda½ passantu.

12?	Kum±r±, m± tumhe luddakena saddhi½ gantv± araññe mige m±retha.

13?	Tumhe geha½ dh±vitv± khetta½ kasant±na½ kassak±na½ p±n²ya½ ±haratha.

14?	M± bh³p±lassa d³tamh± pañhe pucchatha.

15?	Tumhe up±sak± akusala½ parivajjetv± kusalakamm±ni k±tu½ ussahatha.

EXERCISE 17

Translation into English

1?	The farmer having ploughed the field descended [into] the water to bathe.

2?	Teachers brought flowers to give [to] the children who are learning.

3?	Lay devotees rose from their seats and worshipped the monk who was coming to preach the Dhamma.

4?	People who hoped  to work in cities and get wages went out from villages.

5?	Covering the seat with a cloth, the teacher invited the monk to sit.

6?	The boy opened the door and stood looking at the monkeys getting down from the tree.

7?	The wise man summoned and advised people who commit evil by stealing cattle.

8?	Sons of the beggar collected fruits falling from the trees and sold (them) at the market.

9?	The farmer measured the corn and sent to the merchant to sell.

10?	Wishing to learn the Dhamma and become a monk, the minister who was looking for a teacher, approached the Buddha.

11?	If you reach the village, you would see friends.

12?	Uncle tried to know the truth by asking questions from the wise man.

13?	Seeing a lion eating a goat standing on the rock, monkeys got frightened.

14?	Leaves and flowers fell on the bodies of the boys singing songs sitting at the foot of the tree.15?	(Pl.) Do not cross the sea and go to the island collecting wealth.

16?	The merchant who sells goods at the shop has a vehicle.

17?	Sewing a cloth to give the son, I sang a song.

18?	Pigs and dogs dug pits in the field.

19?	Seated at the foot of the tree men listened to the speech by the ascetic.

20?	Farmers called and scolded the sons who were wandering  in the forest with the hunter.

21?	(You) Do not sell the golden bowl and buy swords.

22?	Giving away/donating the (household) articles, the field and cattle to the sons, he thought of leaving the household and to become a monk.

23?	Good men living righteously did not kill deer.

24?	I climbed up (ascended) the ladder/stairway; they came down from (descended) the stairway.

25?	Having got into the water the friends picked lotuses while bathing.

Translation into P±li

1?	D±rako udakena padum±ni ±siñcitv± tehi (with them) Buddha½ p³jesi.

2?	Puris± vetana½ labhitv± ±paºa½ gantv± bhaº¹±ni kiºi½su.

3?	Dh²var± samuddamh± macche ±haritv± kassak±na½ vikkiºi½su.

4?	Sace tva½ nah±yitu½ gacchasi d±rak±na½ vatth±ni dhov±hi.

5?	Suv± ca k±k± ca rukkhehi ±k±sa½ u¹¹esu½.

6?	Rukkham³le kukkurena saha k²¼ante d±rake m± akkosatha.

7?	Aha½ bh³p±la½ passitu½ sannipatitv± uyy±ne nis²dant±na½ manuss±na½ kathesi½.

8?	Geha½ pavisanta½ sappa½ disv± maya½ bh±yimha.

9?	Mittena saha bhatta½ bhuñjantassa puttassa aha½ p±n²ya½ ad±si½/adadi½.

10?	M± p±p±ni karotha; manussalokamh± cavitv± sagga½ pavisitu½ kusal±ni karotha.

EXERCISE 18

Translation into English

1?	If girls speak at the assembly, I too will speak.

2?	Having collected flowers girls sat in the hall and made garlands.

3?	The woman cut the branches of a tree and pulled.

4?	The wife kept clothes and gold in boxes.

5?	Girls sat in the shadow of the palace and played with sand.

6?	Being pleased hearing the talk of the wife, the farmer became a good man.

7?	May the deities protect people who live righteously/lawfully doing meritorious deeds.

8?	Lions living in caves in the mountain killed deer playing on sand.

9?	The mother got angry with the daughter and hit (her) with the hand.

10?	Women having cooked rice through faith, took it to the monastery and offered to the monks.

11?	You (pl.) do not drink liquor, do not try to fall ill.

12?	People who collect wealth by fair means and nurture children with wisdom, enjoy happiness in the human world.

13?	If you cross the river by boat you will be able to come after seeing hermits residing on the island.

14?	Women are pleased on seeing the king leaving the palace accompanied by his retinue.

15?	Girls assembled in the hall and chatted with the boys.

16?	Mother gave rice seeing a sick beggar oppressed with hunger.

17?	Robbers drinking liquor hiding in a cave were frightened on seeing a lion.

18?	Being ill, the man who lives on killing pigs experiences suffering.

19?	There is money in the box at the merchant's shop.

20?	Monks try to make people good by preventing (them) from evil.

Translation into P±li

1?	Vih±ra½ gantu½ magga½ amm±ya pucchanto puriso magge aµµh±si.

2?	Saddh±ya samaº±na½ odana½ paµiy±detv± vanit± vih±ra½ nesi.

3?	Tva½ dhammena j²vanto dhana½ pariyesitu½ sakkosi.

4?	Gehassa ch±y±ya½ nis²dantiyo kaññ±yo lat±ya s±kh±yo chindi½su.

5?	Asappuris± sura½ pivante putte na ovadi½su.

6?	D±rik± piµaka½ ca m³la½ ca ±d±ya/gahetv± dhañña½ kiºitu½ ±paºa½ agacchi/agami.

7?	Sace tumhe d²pe j±leyy±tha up±sak± vih±re r³p±ni passissanti.

8?	Sappuris± tumhe dhamma½ uggaºhitv± dhammena j²vitu½ ussahatha.

9?	Sace tva½ ussaheyy±si p±pa½ niv±retv± puñña½ k±tu½ sakkosi.

10?	Vanit± guh±ya½ sayanta½ s²ha½ disv± dh±vi.

EXERCISE 19

Translation into English

1?	The girl did not take the gold kept in a box by the mother/The girl did not take the gold placed in the mother's box.

2?	The wife stepped out of the water taking the washed clothes.

3?	There were fruits on the trees planted by the farmers in the park.

4?	Buddhas are worshipped by gods and human beings.

5?	The woman has come to the house taking/carrying a bowl filled with water.

6?	People who are harassed by the king governing the island unrighteously are angry.

7?	I saw a flying parrot taking a ripe fruit with its beak.

8?	The rising sun was worshipped by the brahmin.

9?	The son entered the monastery taking/carrying/holding a lamp lit by his mother.

10?	The monk sat on a seat covered with a cloth by the woman and preached the doctrine to the assembled audience/congregation/retinue/people.

11?	Cattle brought to the field by the farmer roamed about eating grass.

12?	Merchants did not sell clothes kept in boxes.

13?	If you know the truth do not reproach the son.

14?	People who left by boat crossed the sea and reached the island and are happy talking with their wives.

15?	I placed the goods/articles brought by the girl in the merchant's cart stationed on the road.

16?	People who live bringing up their children with righteously earned wealth are protected by gods.

17?	Buddha is seated in the shade of the monastery surrounded by disciples and lay devotees.

18?	Sons who were rescued/prevented from evil by the mother became noble men and they listen to the Dhamma.

19?	Thieves who were oppressing farmers were admonished by the wise man, and trying to become good men they plant trees in the park with lay devotees.

20?	The woman gave a little of the rice prepared for her son to the starving beggar and gave water too.

21?	Girls seated in the assembly were delighted hearing the song sung by the little girl.

22?	Men who were invited by the minister assembled in the park being unable to sit in the hall.

23?	Birds ate a little of the seeds sown by the farmers in the fields.24?	The sleeping serpent hidden at the foot of the tree was seen by the boys.

25?	Women like to buy clothes brought by the merchant from the island.

26?	If the king protects people by fair means they would experience happiness doing their work and bringing up their children.

27?	Requested by the son the mother prepared a meal for his friends.

28?	The messenger of the robbers being unable to understand the question asked by the minister started thinking.

29?	Monkeys saw goods hidden by the robbers in a cave and taking them climbed the trees.

30?	I am happy having realised the doctrine/truth I sought/looked for.

Translation into P±li

1?	Sabha½ ±gato puriso amaccehi saha kathetu½ na sakkosi.

2?	Amm±ya dinna½ m³la½ ±d±ya d±rako ±paºa½ dh±vi.

3?	Bh³p±lo assehi ±ka¹¹hite rathe nissino hoti.

4?	Kassak± paº¹itena saddhi½ mantetv±  bh³p±lassa santika½ d³ta½ pesesu½.

5?	D±rak± vivaµamh± dv±ramh± nikkhami½su.

6?	Vanit±yo udakamhi otaritv± vatth±ni dhovitv± nah±yi½su.

7?	Buddh± ca s±vak± ca devehi ca manussehi ca p³jit±/vandit± honti.

8?	V±ºijo vanit±hi sibbit±ni duss±ni/vatth±ni vikkiºi.

9?	Aha½ vanamh± d±rik±ya ±haµ±ni pupph±ni ca phal±ni ca na gaºhi½.

10?	Soºena anubandhit±yo kaññ±yo s²gha½ geha½ dh±vi½su.

11?	¾cariyo d±rik±ya kata½ p±pakamma½ passitva (ta½) ovadi.

12?	Maya½ vanit±hi paµiy±dite d²pe na j±layimha.

13?	M± tva½ kassakena chinn±yo s±kh±yo pabbatamh± ±ka¹¹ha.

14?	Vanit± assa kammassa vetana½ alabhitv± kuddh± hoti.

15?	S±kh±ya½ nis²dantamh± kum±ramh± phal±ni m± y±ca.

16?	Br±hmaºena akkosit± vanit± dvare nisinn±/nis²ditv± rodati.

17?	Amm±ya pakkosit± d±rik± bhatta½ bhuñjitu½ geha½ dh±vi.

18?	Lat±yo chinditu½ ussahit± nar±/puris±/manuss± s±kh±yo ±ka¹¹hitu½ ±rabhi½su.

19?	Dhammena j²vanto kassako khette kasanto bhariy±ya ca d±rakehi ca sukha½ vindati.

20?	Sur± devalokamh± cavitv± manussaloke uppajjitv± Buddhena desita½ dhamma½ suºant± modanti.

21?	Cor± samaºena anus±sit±/ovadit± sappuris± bhavi½su.

22?	Kassakena ropitesu rukkhesu phal±ni na bhavi½su.

23?	Sunakhena ¹asit± d±rik± geha½ dh±vitv± rodi.

24?	Vejjena amacco na ñ±to hoti.

25?	Rukkham³le nis²nn±yo d±rik±yo v±luk±ya k²¼i½su.

26?	Putt±, m± sura½ pivatha.

27?	Amm± d±rake p±p± niv±renti.

28?	Aha½ pip±sena p²¼itassa kukkurassa p±n²ya½ ad±si½/adadi½.

29?	Maya½ upasaªkamanta½ luddaka½ disv± rukkhesu nil²yimha.

30?	Maya½ saddh±ya d±n±ni paµiy±detv± samaº±na½ dadimha.

EXERCISE 20

Translation into English

1?	The king crossing the river by the boat with his queen speaks with his ministers looking at the fish moving in the water.

2?	The bowl which was placed on the ground by the girl after drinking water is broken.

3?	Cows of the farmers roamed in the forest and came to the field.

4?	Young women/girls were happy looking at the rays of the moon fallen on the sea at night.

5?	Lay devotees are pleased seeing an ascetic going through the sky by psychic power.6?	Standing on the bank of the pond with the sister he tried to pick lotuses.

7?	Women did not wish to bathe or wash clothes at reservoirs/tanks.

8?	Being unable to answer the question asked by the young woman I started talking with her.

9?	The mother did not try to cover up the evil deed done by her wicked son.

10?	The woman placed in a box the article which was wrapped in cloth and kept on the bed by her sister.

11?	You (pl.) do not harass the dog sleeping on the way.

12?	The virtuous minister spent money and built halls in villages for beggars to live in and informed the king.

13?	The boy released the parrot from his hand and seeing him flying, stood at the foot of the tree crying.

14?	Good men doing meritorious deeds, giving alms with faith, wish to be reborn in the human world.

15?	The boy opened the box, took out a garment and sent (it) to the mother.

Translation into P±li

1?	Bh³p±lassa uyy±ne pokkharaº²su padum±ni ca macch± ca honti.

2?	Yuvatiyo v±piy± padum±ni ocinitv± bh³miya½ nikkhipi½su.

3?	R±jini n±v±ya/doºiy± nadi½ taritv± ±gat±hi bhagin²hi saddhi½ kathesi.

4?	Aha½ khette g±vi½ anubandhanta½ kukkura½ apassi½/passi½.

5?	Itthiyo ca kaññ±yo ca phal±ni ca pupph±ni ca ocinitu½ rukkhe na ±ruhi½su.

6?	Tumhe nah±yitu½ nadi½ gantv± asanisadda½ sutv± bh±yittha.

7?	M± tumhe mittehi saha kata½ p±pa½ ch±detha.

8?	Sace tva½ vatth±ni kiºitu½ m³la½ vissajjeyy±si amma½ ±roc±hi.

9?	S±l±ya½ nisinn±na½ t±ruº²na½ paduma-paººehi veµhit±ni padum±ni pesehi.

10?	 Maya½ sabh±ya½ itth²hi puµµhe pañhe vy±k±tu½ sakkoma.

EXERCISE 21

Translation into English

1?	Having seen the farmer, the girl stealing fruits in the field got frightened and began to run.

2?	The young girl having heard the Dhamma preached by a disciple of the Buddha, being desirous of realising the truth discussed with her mother.

3?	The girl is seated at the door of her house stroking the sleeping dog.

4?	The queen seated in the assembly explaining/answering questions asked by the women addressed the congregation and gave a speech.

5?	The women who went to the forest and cut a tree saw jackals and got frightened while pulling branches.

6?	Seated at the door of the house, sewing a garment the sister sings a song.

7?	The wicked man who had concealed his evil actions is seated on a seat in the monastery conversing with lay devotees.

8?	The young girl expecting to see gold hidden, wrapped in a cloth/garment, opened the door of the room.

9?	If you wish to spend money do not buy a cloth.

10?	If you (pl.) send a messenger to the king, inform ministers as well.

11?	Having removed the broken branches from the field, the farmer dumped them in the forest.

12?	The girl who was eating a plantain standing on the bank of the pond took the lotus given by her sister.

13?	There are twenty fingers and toes on our hands and feet.14?	Being afraid to go out of the house at night, the girl did not open the door.

15?	If you hit the dog with a stick it might/will bite.

16?	Expecting to become good men we approached monks, listened to the doctrine and started to do good (work).

17?	Wicked robbers being chased by their (own) evil deeds experience suffering being born in purgatory.

18?	Do not give up virtue and commit sin; if you do, you will experience suffering having departed from the human world.

19?	If you aspire to be happy being born in heaven, do meritorious deeds.

20?	Brahmins trying to know the truth discussed with their friends.

21?	The parrots thrown into the cage by the woman sat eating plantains.

22?	The merchant not wishing to harass the ox removed goods from  the cart, placed (them) on the ground and informed the farmer.

23?	Deer, cattle and pigs living in the forest fear the lion.

24?	Monks enjoying (the requisites) given by lay devotees with (through) faith protect virtues trying to realise the truth.

25?	The boat which departed at night crossed the river and reached the island in the morning.

26?	The dog started eating the rice placed on the ground by the girl standing in the shadow of the house.

27?	The farmer has gone to the market taking the corn measured by the wife with the measuring vessel.

28?	The girl playing with water and sand ran laughing having seen crows flying.

29?	The man who was learning to drive the vehicle tried to become a clever driving teacher.

30?	The boys left through the open door and ran to the park like birds released from cages.

Translation into P±li

1?	D±rik± mañcasmi½ nis²nn± amm±ya dinna½ kh²ra½ pivi.

2?	Itthiyo/n±riyo/vanit±yo ghaµe gahetv± sallapantiyo udaka½ ±haritu½ nadi½ gami½su/gacchi½su.

3?	Sakuºa½ viheµhetu½ na icchant² n±r² (ta½) pañjaramh± muñci.

4?	Rukkhamh± phal±ni ocinitu½ asakkont² d±rik± kassaka½ pakkosi.

5?	Rodantassa d±rakassa patte kh²ra½ natthi.

6?	Rukkham³le g±yantiyo kaññ±yo naccitu½ ±rabhi½su.

7?	Luddakena ca sunakhehi ca anubandhit± mig± vana½ dh±vi½su.

8?	Itthiyo l±bha½ labhitu½ icchantiyo ±paºesu s±µake vikkiºi½su.

9?	Kum±ro d²pe j±letu½ tela½ kiºitu½ ±paºamh± ±paºa½ agami/agacchi.

10?	Aha½ rukkhassa ch±y±ya nisinn±ya kaññ±ya mañj³sa½ adadi½/ad±si½.

11?	D±rik±yo rukkhamh± lata½ ±ka¹¹ham±n± hasi½su.

12?	Itthiyo ca d±rake ca viheµhent± te asappuris± honti.

13?	Maya½ locanehi bh³miya½ patantiyo suriyarasmiyo pass±ma.

14?	Vanit± geha½ pavisanta½ sappa½ yaµµhiy± paharitv± m±resi.

15?	Bhaginiyo phal±ni ca pupph±ni ca mañj³s±su pakkhipantiyo vivaµe gehadv±re nis²di½su.

16?	Sace tva½ udakamh± uttaritv± d±raka½ ±rakkheyy±si aha½ pokkharaºi½ otaritv± nah±yiss±mi.

17?	Maya½ p±pakamm±ni karont²hi itth²hi kujjhitv± s±l±ya nikkhamimha.

18?	M± tumhe uyy±ne ±hiº¹antiyo g±viyo ca mige ca vijjhatha, bh³p±lo ca r±jini ca kujjhissanti.

19?	Bh³p±lo ca amacc± ca d²pasmi½ vasante manusse m± viheµhentu.

20?	Aha½ magge ±hiº¹ant±na½ kudh±ya p²¼it±na½ sunakh±na½ bhatta½ adadi½.

1?

EXERCISE 22

Translation into English

1?	Monks should be honoured by lay devotees.

2?	Do not leave on the bed the gold which should be kept in a box.

3?	Virtuous good men honour those worthy of honour,the wicked do not do so.

4?	Ministers do not rule well the island which should be protected by a king.

5?	The Dhamma should be learned by human beings, and truth should be realised.

6?	Flowers brought by the girls should be sprinkled with water.

7?	The wealth of my sister taken by a robber should be searched for.

8?	Trees planted in the park should not be cut.

9?	Young girls taking clothes to be washed got down to the pond laughing.

10?	Boys who should be advised by monks did not go to the monastery.

11?	The merchant tried to sell  the field which should be ploughed by a farmer.

12?	They did not wish to buy goods kept for sale in the shops.

13?	Mother prepares hard and soft food and gives them to her children.

14?	People should give alms, protect precepts/virtues and do meritorious deeds.

15?	The farmer brought from the field the grass which should be given to the oxen.

16?	Deer roamed in the forest searching for drinking water.

17?	Fruits should be brought from the market or the field to give to the daughter.

18?	Let not a wicked man who does not know what should be spoken and what should not be spoken sit in the assembly.

19?	You kings should be admonished by ministers, wise men and monks.

20?	The question asked by the lay person should be answered by a wise man.

21?	Deer and birds living in the king's park should not be killed by hunters.

22?	Boys who commit sin without knowing what is wholesome should not be scolded, they should be advised by monks, wise men and (unselfish) good men.

23?	Wicked men should be avoided, you do not walk about in the village with them.

24?	Liquor should not be drunk, if you (pl.) drink you will fall ill.

25?	People living righteously should be protected by the gods.

Translation into P±li

1?	Rattiy± manuss± d²pe j±lentu.

2?	V±ºijo kassak±na½ vikkiºitabbe asse ±hari½su.

3?	Nayanehi r³p±ni passitabb±ni, jivh±ya ras±ni s±diyitabb±ni.

4?	Soºo yaµµh²hi ca p±s±ºehi ca na paharitabbo hoti.

5?	D²pe manuss± bh³p±lena ca amaccehi ca ±rakkhitabba honti.

6?	Uyy±ne ±hiº¹antehi narehi pupph±ni na ocinitabb±ni honti.

7?	Bhariy±ya saddhi½ kassakena dhañña½ miºitabba½ hoti.

8?	Manussehi p±pa½ na k±tabba½ (hoti).

9?	Goº±na½ ca aj±na½ ca tiºa½ ca udaka½ ca d±tabba½ hoti.

10?	¾cariyassa bhaginiy± paris± ±mantetabb±.

11?	Guh±su sayant± s²h± manussehi na upasaªkamitabb± honti.

12?	Amm±ya vatth±ni d±rik±ya dhovitabb±ni honti.

EXERCISE 23

Translation into English

1?	The mother got monks to advise her wicked sons.

2?	You (pl.) get the robbers oppressing people summoned and advise (them).

3?	The merchant got a farmer to cut trees, took them by cart to town and sold them.

4?	The monk got lay devotees assembled and preached the Dhamma.

5?	The uncle got the boys to pick flowers and fruits.

6?	The girl made the dog get down into the pond.

7?	Having summoned the merchants and farmers, the minister will question them.

8?	Women caused the flowers brought by the girls to be sprinkled.

9?	I do the work/duty that should be done by a wife.

10?	The hunter got the deer shot and killed by a friend.

11?	The brahmin got a teacher to teach the dhamma to his daughter.

12?	The mother made the daughter drink the milk and sleep on a bed.

13?	Merchants made the horses carry the goods and went to the town to sell [them].

14?	The woman got a friend to drag the branches of a tree and carried them home.

15?	The mother made her son honour the monk who came home.

16?	Lay devotees made the monks sit on seats and offered them a meal.

17?	The sister stood at the door of the house crying, stroking/touching/meddling with the pieces of the broken bowl.

18?	Women going to fetch water enjoyed themselves talking, looking at the flowers fallen at the foot of trees.

19?	The hunter shot with an arrow a parrot trying to pick a fruit with its beak.

20?	Monks live in monasteries which good men got constructed.

Translation into P±li

1?	Asappuriso puttehi sakuºe vijjh±peti.

2?	Up±sak± samaºena dhamma½ des±pessanti.

3?	Vanit±yo d±rakehi Buddhassa s±vake vand±penti.

4?	Yuvati bhagini½ sabh±ya½ kath±pessati.

5?	Kassako rukkha½ ±v±µe p±tesi.

6?	Tumhe udakena pupph±ni siñc±pessatha.

7?	Bh³p±lo amaccehi vih±ra½ k±r±pesi.

8?	R±jini bh³p±lena k±r±pite p±s±de vasissati.

9?	V±ºijo bhariy±ya bhaº¹±ni mañj³s±su nikkhip±pesi.

10?	Br±hmaºo Buddhassa s±vakena ñ±tayo anus±s±pesi.

EXERCISE 24

Translation into English

1?	The daughter-in-law tied the mother-in-law's cow with a rope and led (it) to the field.

2?	Mother cooked gruel, gave [it to] the children and sat on the bed.

3?	There is eczema on the hands and fingers of the young girl.

4?	We saw cow-elephants roaming in the forest.

5?	The woman got the maiden to cook rice and gave a little each to the girls.

6?	You (pl.) saw the lion sleeping in the cave by the light of lightning.

7?	In the hands of the young girl there are garlands given by the princes/boys.

8?	The daughter-in-law collected fruits fallen in pits in the fields.

9?	The brahmin divided the relics of the Buddha and gave (them) to the kings.

1?	The daughter-in-law worshipped the feet of the mother-in-law.

11?	The young girl's house should be swept.

12?	Illuminating the entire monastery the deities approached the Buddha.

13?	Cow-elephants living in forests break branches and eat.

14?	I gave grass to cows and bulls seated in the shade of the tree.

15?	The woman saw the mother going on the road, got off from the vehicle, worshipped her, made her get into the vehicle and led her home.

16?	The daughter-in-law closed the door of the house, approached the river to bathe and stood on the river-bank talking with young women.

17?	The king destroyed the robbers harming people and ruled the island.

18?	The mother got monks to advise her sons who associate with wicked men.

19?	There is nothing to be thrown away from the goods purchased and brought by the good man.

20?	[You (pl.)] Do not harm the farmers living in the village.

Translation into P±li

1?	Amm±  mañj³s±ya½ µhapita½ suvaººa½ gahetv± dh²tuy± adadi/ad±si.

2?	Vadh³ m±l±hi ca phalehi ca devat±yo p³jesi.

3?	Sace tva½ ±v±µe khaºasi aha½ rukkhe ropess±mi.

4?	Tumhe khetta½ gantv± dhañña½ geha½ ±haratha.

5?	Kaºeruyo kadalirukkhe kh±dantiyo aµaviya½ ±hiº¹i½su/cari½su.

6?	Aha½ doºiy± nadi½ tarantiyo kaññ±yo olokesi½.

7?	Taruºiyo k±suya½ patit±yo s±kh±yo ±ka¹¹hi½su.

8?	Suriyassa rasmiyo loka½ obh±senti.

9?	G²t±ni g±yantiyo bhaginiyo nah±yitu½ v±pi½ gami½su/gacchi½su.

10?	Itth² g±vi½ rajjuy± bandhitv± khetta½ ±nesi.

11?	Vadh³ sassuy± saddhi½ Tath±gatadh±tuyo vanditu½ Anur±dhapura½ agacchi/agami/agam±si.

12?	S²la½ ca paññ± ca loke manuss±na½ citt±ni obh±sentu.

EXERCISE 25

Translation into English

1?	Sages lived in mountain caves protecting virtue.

2?	Residing with the teacher the poet becomes a sage.

3?	The king hit the enemy with a sword and killed him.

4?	The husband enjoyed the meal prepared by his wife and went to the field.

5?	Righteous householders living in their homes with their wives and sons enjoy happiness.

6?	Searching for a treasure the leader went to the island together with his friends.

7?	Cooking a meal for the guests the woman kindled the fire.

8?	The man afflicted by an illness sleeps on the bed.

9?	Measuring a heap of paddy the householder speaks with his wife.

10?	The little girls laugh looking at the sun rising from the mountain.

11?	There are gems in the king's fist.

12?	The enemy hit the poet's dog with a stick and ran.

13?	The poet took in his hand the gem given by the husband/leader.

14?	Having gone to the sea with their husbands women began to bathe. (started bathing.)

15?	The leader entertained the guest with hard andsoft food.

16?	Leaders will not do the work (pl.) which ought to be done by the king.

17?	I too wish to learn the Dhamma which should be sought by sages.

18?	Having lit the lamp I offer to the Buddha the lotuses sprinkled with water.

1?	You (sing.) climb the mountain with the hunter to look at leopards living on the mountain.

20?	The queen is seated in the assembly with her retinue.

21?	Householders approached the sage wishing to ask questions.

22?	Being questioned by the householders the sage answered the questions.

23?	Having seen the monkeys taking the clothes washed by the woman, the boys hit them with stones.

24?	The cows, oxen and goats roaming in the park eating grass got frightened after entering the forest and seeing a leopard.

25?	Sages and guests should be entertained by householders.

26?	The mother gave the gems kept protected in a box to the little girl and the daughter-in-law.

27?	If you (pl.) would approach the king we shall prepare the vehicle.

28?	The householder seized the robber by the neck and kicked his stomach/belly.

29?	You (pl.) do not break the nests built by birds.

30?	Singing a song the young woman approached the cow and started to milk.

31?	We went to the monastery to honour the relics of the Buddha.

32?	We young girls swept the preaching hall, sat on mats and listened to the Dhamma.

33?	We see objects with our eyes, hear sound with ears and taste flavours with the tongue.

34?	They tethered the cows roaming in the forest with ropes and brought them to the field.

35?	The wife, stroking the hand of the husband who was oppressed with a disease, comforted him.

36?	The householder is seated in the hall discussing with a guest.

37?	Having understood the truth the sage descended from the mountain to preach the doctrine to the people and lives in a monastery in the village.

38?	The cow being tethered by a rope, unable to roam here and there, eats grass at the foot of the tree.

39?	The queen going in the chariot with the king saw farmers ploughing on the way.

40?	You (pl.) do not commit evil, if you do, you will not get to enjoy happiness.

Translation into P±li

1?	Patayo bhariy±na½ d²pamh± maºayo ±hari½su.

2?	Vy±dhayo loke vasante manusse p²¼enti.

3?	Itth² bh³miya½ nis²ditv± n±¼iy± v²hi½ mini.

4?	Akusala½/p±pa½ karont± gahapatayo isayo na vandanti.

5?	Sace tumhe nidhi½ khaºeyy±tha maºayo labhissatha.

6?	Aha½ bhariy±ya dhovitabb±ni vatth±ni dhovi½.

7?	Maya½ amm±ya paµiy±dita½ y±gu½ pivimha.

8?	Nagaramh± ±gacchant±na½ atith²na½ odana½ ca y±gu½ ca pacitu½ tva½ aggi½ j±lesi.

9?	Gahapati geha½ paviµµha½ cora½ asin± pahari.

10?	Kaññ± rukkhassa ch±y±ya½ µhit±na½ g±v²na½ tiºa½ ad±si/dadi.

11?	Makkaµ±/kapayo/v±nar± rukkhesu caranti, s²h± guh±su sayanti, sapp±/ahayo bh³miya½ caranti.

12?	Sace tumhe nagaramh± kiºitv± bhaº¹±ni ±nessatha aha½ t±ni kassak±na½ vikkiºiss±mi.

13?	Asappurisa! sace tva½ kusala½ karosi/kareyyasi/kareyya tva½ sukha½ vindissasi/vindeyy±si/vindeyya.

14?	Amm±ya gehe mañj³s±su maºayo ca suvaººa½ ca santi.

15?	Isi bh³miya½ nisinn±ya bh³patino paris±ya dhamma½ desesi.

16?	Samaº± ca isayo ca kavayo ca sappurisehi p³jit± honti.

17?	Maya½ adhipatin± rakkhita½ nidhi½ labhiss±ma.

18?	M± tumhe uyy±ne ropit±na½ rukkh±na½ s±kh±yo chindatha.

19?	Pañjaramh± mutt± sakuº± ±k±sa½ uppati½su.

20?	Maya½ iddhiy± nadi½ tarante isayo na passimha.

EXERCISE 26

Translation into English

1?	The bird sits on a branch singing.

2?	Mother is standing in the field releasing the cow from the rope.

3?	Little girls sang while dancing at the assembly.

4?	The millionaire spent much wealth and got a monastery built for the monks.

5?	Male and female elephants wander in the forest.

6?	The evil doer hid his wicked deeds and sitting at the meeting (posing) like a righteous man spoke with the rich man.

7?	May good men enjoy long life, may the sons be happy.

8?	The merchant bought goods from the city, packed them in baskets, tied them with a rope and sent them to the market.

9?	The carpenter is seated in the vehicle brought by the charioteer.

10?	All beings do not have long lives.

11?	The mother got the carpenter to build a house and lived there with her daughters.

12?	Having wrapped the gems in cloth, we placed them in a box and sent them to our wives.

13?	The sage summoned the evil doer, preached the doctrine and advised [him].

14?	You (pl.) assembled to look at the elephant given to the king by the powerful one.

15?	I, the millionaire, sent for the leper and caused him to be  given food.

16?	If peacocks live on the mountain I will try to climb the mountain to see them.

17?	The king was a righteous man, the ministers were evil doers.

18?	The sons of the millionaire did not live in the palaces which the powerful one got built.

19?	All beings live seeking happiness and performing deeds.

20?	The husband purchased gems and gold and gave them to the wife.

21?	Hearing the peal of thunder peacocks on the mountain began to dance.

22?	Powerful men should not be evil doers.

23?	Righteous men doing good, get people engaged in meritorious deeds and become happy.

24?	The poet hit the enemy with the sword, unable to hit the poet the enemy was angry.

25?	Monkeys moving on trees destroyed flowers too.

Translation into P±li

1?	P±pak±rin±  luddakena anubandhit± hatthino aµaviya½ dh±vi½su.

2?	Kuµµthi s±min± dinne s±µake gaºhi.

3?	Aµaviya½ vasant± d²payo guh±su vasantehi s²hehi na bh±yanti.

4?	G²ta½ g±yant± kum±r± s±l±ya½ d±rik±hi saddhi½ nacci½su.

5?	Amm±yo d±rik±hi saha pupph±sane padum±ni patthari½su.

6?	Sace kum±r± sura½ piveyyu½ kaññ±yo kujjhitv± na g±yissanti.

7?	Kassako khette tiºa½ kh±dantiyo g±viyo vihethentassa p±pak±rino kujjhi.

8?	Seµµh² va¹¹hakin± putt±na½ p±s±da½ k±resi.

9?	Devat±yo dhammena d²pa½ p±lenta½ sappurisa½ bh³p±la½ rakkhanto.

10?	Sabbe p±ºino d²ghaj²vino sukhino hontu/bhavantu.

EXERCISE 27

Translation into English

1?	Monks are disciples of the Buddha.

2?	Relatives came from the city to the village to see their mother.

3?	The robber went taking an axe to cut trees in the forest.

4?	Lions and leopards kill and eat beasts living in the forest.

5?	Righteous men are wise men.

6?	The king crossed the sea together with his ministers, attacked the enemies and tried to win.

7?	The mother fed rice to the baby girl with a spoon.

8?	Male and female elephants pulled sugarcane and ate.

9?	Ministers of the king brought flags of the enemies.

10?	The relative sitting on the bridge pulled with his hand a branch of the tree.

11?	Birds sit on the bamboos planted in the park and sing.

12?	If important people are benevolent and wise, (common) people are able to live happily in the village.

13?	The all-knowing Buddha admonishes the people according to the law.

14?	Good men who know their limits would (be able to) live long happily.

15?	Being admonished by the wise, we boys tried to become righteous men.

16?	Because of the light of the sun we are able to see birds flying in the sky.

17?	You try to become eminent people and live righteously.

18?	I know the monk preaching the doctrine.

19?	Serpents eat mice and live in ant-hills in the forest.

20?	 The woman's mother-in-law gave sugarcane and lotuses to the sister.

Translation into P±li

1?	Ari setu½ taritv± d²pa½ pavisi.

2?	M± tumhe pharas³hi ve¼avo chindatha, kakacehi chindatha.

3?	Bh³patino amacc± setumhi ca tar³su ca ketavo bandhi½su.

4?	Pasavo sus³na½ ±khavo kh±d±pesu½.

5?	Viññ³ pabhuno abhavi½su.

6?	Bhikkhu d²pa½ p±lentassa bh³patino bandhu ahosi.

7?	Arin± chinn± rukkh± udadhimhi pati½su.

8?	Kañña½ ¹asitu½ ussahanta½ soºa½ amm± muµµhin± pahari.

9?	Bh³patayo d²pamhi vasante samaºe ca br±hmaºe ca manusse ca pasavo ca rakkhanti.

10?	Amm±ya bhagini ve¼un± ±khu½ m±resi.

11?	¾cariyo d±µhino sus³na½ ucchavo pesesi.

12?	Pati geha½ pavisitu½ ussahanta½ v±nara½ disv± dv±ra½ thakesi.

EXERCISE 28

Translation into English

1?	The (religious) teacher (i.e. the Buddha) is seated in the shade of the tree preaching the doctrine to the monks.

2?	Those who do meritorious deeds give alms to monks and hermits.

3?	If the teacher preaches the doctrine there will be those who understand.

4?	May the king be victorious in the island.

5?	The father went to the monastery taking the daughter along and made her worship the teacher.

6?	May the wise ones be leaders of people in the world.

7?	In the company of father, brother partook of the gruel prepared by mother.

8?	Having seen the monkey playing with the grandchildren her husband stood laughing.

9?	Bridge makers tied the bamboos and kept (them) on the river bank.

1?	Those going to the island after crossing the sea were killed by the enemies.

11?	The wife got the husband's garments washed by the washerman.

12?	Listeners of the leaders speech who were sitting in the park were opresssed by the sun.

13?	Clothes given by donors should not be sold by beggars.

14?	Being angry with the crying grandchild the woman hit him with her hand.

15?	Having heard the advice of the disciplinarian the relatives became good people.

16?	Serpents eat mice living in houses and forests.

17?	Asking the mother for gruel the grandchild having fallen on the ground cries.

18?	 You (pl.) do not get angry with the brothers and sisters.

19?	Those who go to the island should cross the sea by ship.

20?	Ancient seers were composers and reciters of magical spells.

21?	The moderate donors gave the grandchildren a little of the sweets each.

22?	Intelligent leaders are disciplinarians who make people good men.

23?	The mother advising the daughter kissed her head, stroked her arm and comforted her.

24?	The generous brahmin saw beggars oppressed with hunger and caused much food to be given.

25?	The carpenter took the bamboos brought by the charioteer and got a hall built.

Translation into P±li

1?	Pit± ca m±t± ca bh±tar± saddhi½ bhagini½ passitu½ agami½su.

2?	P±pak±rino na sukhino d²ghaj²vina bhavissati.

3?	Bh³pati paris±ya saddhi½ jet± hotu/bhavatu.

4?	M±tuy± bh±t± m±tulo hoti.

5?	Bh±tar±na½ arayo tar³su ca ve¼³su ca ketavo bandhi½su.

6?	Va¹¹hak²/gahak±rako natt±r±na½ ve¼avo ad±si/dadi.

7?	Bh±t± kaµacchun± dh²tuy± odana½ ad±si/dadi.

8?	Buddho dev±na½ ca manuss±na½ ca satth± hoti.

9?	Tumhe sacca½ vatt±ro bhavatha/hotha.

10?	Sappuris± bhatt±ro dev±/devat±yo/sur± viya bhariy±na½ k±ruºik± honti.

11?	D²pa½ p±letu½ sappuris± balino amacc± bhavantu.

12?	Balavant± bh³patino jet±ro abhavi½su/bhavi½su.

EXERCISE 29

Translation into English

1?	Seeing a serpent entering the house the girl was frightened and started crying shedding tears.

2?	Bones of the cow killed by the leopard remain scattered on the ground.

3?	The father while washing clothes with river water called the son to give a bath.

4?	 You will partake of food mixed with ghee and honey.

5?	We get curd from milk.

6?	Observing the flame of the lamp the monk sat developing the perception of impermanence.

7?	The sinful hunter had entered the forest taking his bow and arrows.

8?	The enemy hit the minister's thigh with a sword and broke the bone.

9?	I do not like to eat food cooked in ghee with honey.

10?	Seeing a beggar going on his hands and knees the grandson felt compassionate and caused food and a cloth to be given (to him).

11?	Women collecting firewood sang roaming in the forest.

12?	Lotuses born in water are not smeared with water.

13?	Doing various occupations/work and accumulating wealth, people try to look after children and wives.14?	Seeing tears in the mother's eyes the husband was angry with the wife.

15?	Having distributed the fields and estates to/among children and grandchildren, the father went to the monastery and became a monk.

16?	Seeds of the fruits eaten by birds are fallen at the foot of the tree.

17?	The teacher training his students in an art, being compassionate towards them, admonished them to live righteously.

18?	The Bodhisatta ascetic conquered the evil one and became Buddha.

19?	Men/people, who having seen the Buddha aspire to listen to the Dhamma, endeavour to practise the Dhamma.

20?	If all the aspirations of good men get fulfilled people in the world would experience happiness.

21?	The mother being afflicted with a disease came to the daughter's house shedding tears, and lying on the bed asked for gruel.

22?	The daughter being sympathetic towards the mother soon prepared gruel, washed the mother's face and made her drink the gruel.

23?	The husband correctly analysed the question asked by the father and explained the meaning with a simile.

24?	The hunter scattered corn on the ground in the forest and tried to kill deer by tempting (them).

25?	The deer eating corn saw the hunter approaching and ran away speedily.

Translation into P±li

1?	So aµaviya½ d²pin± hat±na½ pas³na½ aµµh²ni passi.

2?	Tumhe nadiy± v±rin± nah±yissatha.

3?	Taruºiy± dh²tuy± akkh²su ass³ni santi.

4?	Kassako sappi½ ca dadhi½ ca v±ºij±na½ vikkiº±ti.

5?	D²p±na½ acc²ni v±tena nacci½su.

6?	Sattuno p±desu daddu atthi.

7?	Madhukaro pupph±ni na viheµhento pupphehi madhu½ sa½harati.

8?	Aµaviy± d±r³ni ±harant² itth² nadiya½ pati.

9?	Manuss± khettesu ca uyy±nesu ca rukkhe ropetv± dhana½ sa½haritu½ ussahanti.

10?	Bhatt± nagaramh± bhariy±ya maºi½ ±hari.

EXERCISE 30

Translation into English

1?	Enemies are vanquished by powerful kings.

2?	With eyes we are not able to see the rays of the radiant sun.

3?	Having heard the doctrine preached by the Fortunate One monks endeavoured to be mindful.

4?	Virtuous lay devotees worshipped the Blessed One, heard the doctrine and tried to be mindful.

5?	Desires and aspirations of the wise will be fulfilled.

6?	The brother belonging to a good family was seated on a mat spread on the ground, taking counsel with the Fortunate One.

7?	Birds perched on fruit-laden trees, ate fruits and dropped the seeds on the ground.

8?	Many beasts, birds and reptiles live on the Himalayas.

9?	Virtuous people listen to the Dhamma and try to become men with vision.

10?	The relatives of the virtuous one asked the virtuous lady a question.

11?	The virtuous young woman observing the precepts looked after the mother.

12?	The relatives of the famous lady became powerful important people.

13?	The wife of the rich good man was meritorious.

14?	Even wicked men living in the company of virtuous people would become good.

15?	Virtuous mothers try to make their sons noble.16?	The intelligent man invited a wise monk to admonish the sons doing evil.

17?	The grandson of a man of good family listened to the Dhamma from a virtuous monk, and being pleased left the household and got ordained among the monks.

18?	May the powerful men of eminence be righteous.

19?	Rich powerful people are seldom virtuous/righteous.

20?	The wise seer who came from the Himalayas was a guest in the park of the virtuous mother.

21?	The rich woman saw a weak virtuous woman and being sympathetic nurtured her.

22?	Fruit-bearing trees on the Himalayas should not be cut/destroyed.

23?	Those who know the Dhamma do not try to be famous.

24?	He who has relatives is powerful, he who is rich has relatives.

25?	The virtuous queen sitting in the hall together with good women listened to the speech of the famous girl.

26?	The virtuous man having picked luscious fruits from the tree distributed them among the good monks living in the monastery.

27?	The ministers of the powerful queen ruled the people in the island righteously.

28?	Daughters of famous women will also be famous.

29?	The rich man sat in the assembly unable to answer the question put by the wise young woman.

30?	The radiant sun gives light to people.

Translation into P±li

1?	Himavati vasant± isayo kad±ci nagare upasaªkamanti.

2?	Satimant± bhikkhavo paññavant±na½ up±sak±na½ dhamma½ desesu½/desayi½su.

3?	Puññavant±na½ manuss±na½ guºavant± mitt± ca bandhavo ca atthi/santi/bhavanti/honti.

4?	Dhanavant± v±ºij± bhaº¹±ni vikkiºant± g±m± g±ma½ gacchanti.

5?	Guºavat² taruº² dhanavantassa ±cariyassa bhariy± ahosi.

6?	Paññav± bhikkhu balavat± pabhun± puµµha½ pañha½ vy±kari.

7?	Guºavatiy± yuvatiy± hatthe m±l±yo atthi.

8?	Dhanavanto yasavant± honti, viññ±t±ro/paññavant± guºavant± honti.

9?	M± tumhe paññavante ca guºavante ca parivajjetha.

10?	Bhagav± balavat± bh³patin± p±lite yasavati d²pasmi½ viharati.

11?	Sace s²lav± bhikkhu g±me vasati manuss± guºavant± bhavissanti.

12?	Kulavant± nar± guºavant± ca viññ±t±ro ca bhavantu.

13?	Manuss± dhanavante ca balavante ca anugacchissanti.

14?	Yasav± bh³pati balavanta½ bandhumanta½ ari½ par±jesi.

15?	Cakkhumant± manuss± bh±numanta½ suriya½ passanti.

EXERCISE 31

Translation into English

1?	Teaching me my teacher wrote a book.

2?	My sister looked after our sick father.

3?	Donors giving alms to monks fed us too.

4?	Where will your daughters go?

5?	Our daughters will go to Ve¼uvana to worship the teacher (the Buddha).

6?	Servants too who do work for us become good men.

7?	Merit and evil done by us follow us.

8?	Your daughter put/placed the articles bought by you in baskets and kept them.

9?	Men of good families and outcastes renounce (the world) under/among us monks.

10?	Colourful birds move about/play/live on fruit-laden trees in our park/garden.

11?	Deer who came to the garden saw us while eating grass and being frightened ran to the forest.

1?	Our husbands crossed the sea by ship and reached the island.

13?	Our kings are powerful and victorious.

14?	Your grandsons and my brothers were friends.

15?	My mother offered to the monks the robes brought by you.

16?	Seated in the park I saw you playing with the grandsons.

17?	Measuring corn I am unable to speak with you.

18?	I am not angry with you, you get angry with me.

19?	My rich relatives are intelligent and educated.

20?	I can see your shadow by the shade of the lamp.

21?	Our kings being victorious hoisted flags on the palaces.

22?	Brother's children/sons while living in my house received education (learnt the arts).

23?	Your daughter abiding by the monk's advice became a kind friend to her husband.

24?	Leaders doing good deeds will be goers to heaven.

25?	If a robber enters the house he should be killed by breaking his head.

26?	There is eczema on the hands and feet of our enemy.

27?	Righteous men together with intelligent people perform various activities for the welfare and happiness of human beings in the world.

28?	If the disciplinarian of young ones is a kind person, the young ones listening (to him) will become virtuous.

29?	We get curds from milk and ghee from curds.

30?	We shall enjoy a dish (meal) prepared by mixing ghee and honey.

Translation into P±li

1?	Amh±ka½ putt± ca natt±ro ca d²ghaj²vino sukhino hontu.

2?	Amhehi ca tumhehi ca taravo na chinditabb± honti.

3?	Tumh±ka½ bh³pati mant²hi saddhi½ d²pa½ gantv± arayo/sattavo par±jesi.

4?	Aha½ tay± bh³miya½ vippakiºº±ni b²j±ni sa½hari½.

5?	Amh±ka½ viññ³ yasav± satth±/±cariyo amhe dhamma½ v±cesi.

6?	Tuº¹ena phala½ ocinanto pakkh² tay± diµµho.

7?	Mama natt± vejjo bhavitu½ icchati.

8?	Tumhe Himavati pabbate guh±su viharante isayo passittha.

9?	Amh±ka½ putt± ca dh²taro ca dhanavant± ca gunavant± ca bhavantu.

10?	Mama natt± tava s±vako bhavissati.

11?	Tva½ dhanav± ca yasav± ca hohi/bhava.

12?	Madhukaro udake j±te padume tiµµhati/µhito hoti.

13?	Saddh±v± up±sako kulavatiy± yuvatiy± kusuma½ ad±si/adadi.

14?	Yasavantiy± taruºiy± hatthe vaººav± maºi atthi/hoti/bhavati.

15?	Bh±num± ravi loka½ obh±seti.

EXERCISE 32

Translation into English

1?	She, whose son he is, is a fortunate mother.

2?	He who rules that island is a righteous king.

3?	Who should not search for a new way of life today?

4?	If you wicked men pollute the world where would you live with your sons and daughters?

5?	When the monks assembled and sat on mats in the hall the Buddha entered.

6?	In which locality the Buddha dwells, there I wish to go.

7?	In which cave lions live, there beasts do not approach.

8?	He who is rich should be virtuous.

1?	If you ask me a question I will try to explain.

10?	Where virtuous monks live there people become good.

11?	When will you go with the wife to see the mother?

12?	The farmer has come to question those women by whom the trees were cut.

13?	How do you (pl.) hope to cross the sea?

14?	From where did those women bring gems?

15?	The robbers stole those boxes in which I put the gold.

16?	He who goes to the city today will see flags on trees.

17?	The monk to whom I offered gruel is your son.

18?	From where will I get a wise monk who understands the Dhamma.

19?	Because he got ordained at the monks, she also wishes to get ordained.

20?	You (pl.) also know him whom I know.

21?	He is unable to get from those women their wealth which he desires.

22?	Because our king defeated the enemies, we tied banners on trees.

23?	When will our aspirations come to fruition?

24?	All those good men are seated in the hall trying to solve their questions.

25?	If you close the door I can not enter.

26?	Actions done by us follow us like shadows.

27?	Young ones protect the mother.

28?	Dwelling in the house with my husband I am happy.

29?	Your sons and daughters, having crossed the sea seek (to gain) money by selling goods.

30?	 You drink liqour, therefore she gets angry with you.

Translation into P±li

1?	Yo s²lav± hoti so ari½ par±jessati.

2?	Y± kaññ± sabh±ya½ kathesi s± na mama bandhu hoti.

3?	Yad± m±t± geha½ ±gamissati tad± dh²t± maºayo dassati/dadissati.

4?	Yassa kukkurassa aha½ bhatta½ adadi½ so mama bh±tuno hoti.

5?	Kasm± tumhe samaºe vanditu½ ajja geha½ na ±gamittha?

6?	Y±ni c²var±ni tumhe bhikkh³na½ p³jayittha kuto tumhe t±ni labhittha?

7?	May± tuyha½ dinna½ suvaººa½ kassa tva½ ad±si?

8?	Ya½ tva½ icchasi ta½ bhuñja.

9?	Y±va tva½ nadiy± nah±yasi t±va aha½ p±s±ºamhi nis²diss±mi.

10?	Yattha viññ±t±ro viharanti tattha vasitu½ aha½ icch±mi.

Errata in P±li Primer

Page No.	Line No.	Incorrect	Correct

 ix	18	palatels	palatals

 09	4	vaºijo	v±ºijo

 09	7	rakkhanti	rakkhati

 09	13	dipe	d²pe

 17	04	s±vak±nam	s±vak±na½

 17	18	Acariyo	¾cariyo

 17	21	Vaºija	V±ºija

 20	12	±vaµehi	±v±µehi

 20	14	Thath±gatassa	Tath±gatassa

 22	09	mountatin	mountain

 37	14	rukkham	rukkha½

 41	19	sows	sews

 50	07	p³retva	p³retv±

 52	26	µhatva	µhatv±

 60	03	aham	aha½

 80	18	µhatva	µhatv±

 80	24	asappurisena	asappurisassa

 84	16	s±takena	s±µakena

 87	13	pacitabbam	pacitabba½

 91	17	Bh±riy±ya	Bhariy±ya

 97	17	dhavi	dh±vi

 98	01	parisaya	paris±ya

Vipassana  Meditation  Centres

There are 52 Vipassana meditation centres world-wide: 27 in India and the rest abroad. For information about other Vipassana meditation centres or schedule of Vipassana courses, please contact Vipassana International Academy or visit the Vipassana web-site: <www.dhamma.org>

India

Dhamma Giri

Vipassana International Academy

Igatpuri, 422 403, Maharashtra

Tel: [91] (02553) 84076; Fax: 84176

Dhamma N±ga

Nagpur Vipassana Centre

C/o Kalyanmitra Charitable Trust,

Abyankar Smarak Trust Bldg.,

Abyankar Road, Dhantoli, Nagpur-440012.

Tel: (0712) 558686, 527860. Fax: 539716.

Dhamm±nanda

Pune Vipassana Centre, Markal-412 105

C/o Pune Vipassana Samiti, 2 Vinay Chambers,

Vetal Chowk, 971 S.B.Road, Pune 411 016.

Tel: (0212) 355 472  Fax: 355 759, 680 558.

Dhamm±laya

Deccan Vipassana Centre,

Near Majle Bus Stand, Hatkangale, Kolhapur 416 109.

Tel: (0231) 483 316

Dhamma Thal²

Rajasthan Vipassana Centre

PO Box 208, Jaipur 302 001, Rajasthan

Tel:  (0141) 641 520; Fax C/o 561 283

Dhamma Sota

Haryana (near New Delhi),

City Off: Vipassana Sadhana Sansthan, Hemkunt Towers,

16th Floor, 98 Nehru Place, New Delhi 110 019

Tel: (011) 645 2772; Fax: (011) 647 0658

Dhamma Sikhara

Himachal Vipassana Kendra

MacLeod Ganj, Dharamshala 176 219,Dist. Kangra, H.P.

Tel: (01892) 21309. Fax: C/o (01892) 21578

Dhamma Salila

Dehradun Vipassana Centre

C/o Mr T.S. Bhandari, 16 Tagore Villa,

Chakrata Road, Dehradun 248001

Tel: (0135) 654189  Fax:  (0135) 650 704

Dhamma Dhaja

Punjab Vipassana Trust

Mehlanwali, Village Anand Garh,

Dist. Hoshiarpur-146 110, Punjab.

Tel: (01882) 72333

Dhamma Cakka

Sarnath, U.P., C/o Mr Parmanand Maheshwari,

Mangalam, C-27/273 Indian Press Colony, Maldahia, Varanasi

Tel: Res. (0542) 346 644, Fax: 511118

Dhamma Sindhu

Kutch Vipassana Centre

Village-Bada, Tal. Mandvi, Dist. Kutch 370 475, Gujarat

Tel: (028347) 3303; Fax: C/o 306 1795

Dhamma Khetta

Vipassana International Meditation Centre

km. Nagarjunsagar Road, Kusumnagar,

Vanasthali Puram,Hyderabad 500 070, A P.

Tel:  (040) 402 0290; City Off. 473 2569

Fax: C/o 573 941; E-mail: bprabhat@hdl.vsnl.net.in

Dhamma P²µha

Gurjar Vipashyana Kendra

C/o S.S. Chowdhary, Ratnam, 1 Patel Soc., Shahibag Rd, Opp. Police Commissioners Office, Ahmedabad 380 004.

Tel: Res. (079) 562 4631, 562 4253; Fax 212 2016.

Dhamma Gaªg±

Bara Mandir Ghat, Harishchandra Dutta Road, Panihati (Sodepur), Dist. 24 Parganas, West Bengal-743 176, Tel: (033) 553 2855

City Off.: 9 Bonfield Lane, Calcutta  700 001

Tel: (033) 242 1767; Fax: C/o 225 5174

Dhamma P±la

Madhya Pradesh Vipassana Samiti, Bhopal, M.P.

C/o Mr Ashok Kela, Arera Colony, Bhopal 462 016, M.P.

Tel: Res. (0755) 563 113; Off. 562 351, 561 243  Fax: 564 520

E-mail: mpveneer@bom2.vsnl.net in

Dhamma Sumana

Vipassana Meditation & Research Centre

C/o Mrs Jaya Sangoi, 13/1 Vijaya II Main, 5th Block,

Kumara Park(W.), Bangalore 560 020, Karnataka.

Tel: (080) 336 0896 ; Off. 336 4220  Fax: C/o 221 5776

Nepal

Dharmaœ¥iªga

Nepal Vipassana Centre

Budhanikanth, Muhan Pokhari, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Tel: [977] (01) 371 655, 371 007

Myanmar

Dhamma Joti

Vipassana Centre, Wingaba Yele Kyaung, Nga HtatGyi Pagoda Road, Bahan Township, Yangon, Myanmar.

Tel: [95] (01) 549 290

Off. No. 134, Shwebontha Street, Yangon, Myanmar

Tel: [95] (01) 72467, 248 174, 248 175, Fax: 289 965

Sri Lanka

Dhamma K³µa

Vipassana Meditation Centre

Mowbray, Hindagala, Peradeniya

C/o Brindley Ratwatte, Katugastota Road, Kandy, Sri Lanka.

Tel: [94] (08) 234649; Fax: C/o 573 054

Japan

Dhamma Bh±nu

Japan Vipassana Centre

Mizuho-Cho, Funai-Gun, Kyoto-Fu 62203, Japan.

Tel: [81] (0771) 860 765

e-mail: jvipa@mbox.kyoto-inet.or.jp

Cambodia

Dhamma Kamboja

Cambodia Vipassana Centre

Next to Kompong Ko Buddhist Temple, PO Box 867, Dist. Koh Thom, Kandol Province, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

Tel: & Fax: C/o [855] (23) 26594

Australia & New Zealand

Dhamma Bh³mi

Vipassana Meditation Centre

Box 103, Blackheath, NSW 2785, AUSTRALIA

Tel: [61] (047) 877 436; Fax: [61] (047) 877 221

e-mail: info@bhumi.dhamma.org

Dhamma Medin²

Vipassana Meditation Centre

Burnside Road, RD3 Kaukapakapa, New Zealand

Tel: [64] (09) 420 5319

Europe

Dhamma D²pa

Vipassana Centre

The Marches, Harewood End, Hereford, HR2 8JS, England, UK

Tel: [44] (01989) 730 234; Fax [44] (01989) 730 450

e-mail: info@dipa.dhamma.org

Dhamma Geha

Vipassana Meditation Haus

Kirchenweg 2, 76332 Bad Herrenalb, Germany

Tel: [49] (07083) 51169, Ans: [49] (07083) 2094

Fax: [49] (07083) 51328

Dhamma Mah²

European Vipassana Centre

'Le Bois Planté' Louesme, F-89350  Champignelles, France.

Tel: [33] (0386) 457 514; Fax [33] (0386) 457 620

e-mail: info@mahi.dhamma.org

North America

Dhamma Dhar±

Vipassana Meditation Center

Box 24, Shelburne Falls, MA 01370, USA.

Tel: [1] (413) 625 2160; Fax [1] (413) 625 2170

e-mail: info@dhara.dhamma.org

Dhamma Kuñja

Northwest Vipassana Center

Box 345, Ethel, WA 98542-0345, USA.

Tel: [1] (360) 978 5434. Fax: [1] (360) 978 5433.

e-mail: info@kunja.dhamma.org

Dhamma Mah±vana

California Vipassana Center

Box 1167, North Fork, CA 93643, USA.

Tel: [1] (209) 877 4386; Fax [1] (209) 877 4387

e-mail: info@mahavana.dhamma.org

Dhamma Sir²

Southwest Vipassana Meditation Center

County Road 155A, Kaufman, TX 75142, USA.

Tel: [1] (214) 932 7868

e-mail: info@siri.dhamma.org